Besides thermal insulation performance, waterproofness and mechanical strength are also important indexes for evaluating thermal insulation materials. In this paper, silica aerogel/rock wool (SA/RW) composite plates and silica aerogel/glass wool (SA/GW) composite plates were prepared by infiltration and atmospheric pressure drying method. The influence of silica aerogel mass fraction and infiltration time on thermal conductivity, short-term water absorption and compressive strength of composite plates were explored, and the modification effects of SA/RW and SA/GW composite plate under the optimum ratio were analyzed. The changes in microstructure before and after modification were obtained by SEM. The results showed that the addition of silica aerogel significantly changed the surface layer of inorganic fibers, which can form a relatively stable composite system. When the mass fraction of silica aerogel reached 8% and the infiltration time was 20 min, the thermal conductivity of SA/RW and SA/GW composite plate was 0.0330 W/(m·k) and 0.0263 W/(m·k), which were 26.7% and 20.3% lower than those before modification, and the apparent density reached 177.55 kg/m³ and 53.61 kg/m³, respectively. The short-term water absorption was 0.78 kg/m³ and 0.65 kg/m³, which was 35% and 36.2% lower than that before modification. The compressive strength was 42.6 kPa and 14 kPa, respectively, increased by 7% and 103% compared with that before modification.

除了隔热性能外，防水性和机械强度也是评价隔热材料的重要指标。本文采用渗透和常压干燥的方法制备了二氧化硅气凝胶/岩棉(SA/RW)复合板和二氧化硅气凝胶/玻璃棉(SA/GW)复合板。探讨了二氧化硅气凝胶质量分数和渗透时间对复合板导热系数、短期吸水率和抗压强度的影响，分析了最佳配比下SA/RW和SA/GW复合板的改性效果。通过扫描电镜获得改性前后微观结构的变化。结果表明，二氧化硅气凝胶的加入显着改变了无机纤维的表层，可以形成相对稳定的复合体系。当二氧化硅气凝胶的质量分数达到8%，渗透时间为20 min时，SA/RW和SA/GW复合板的导热系数分别为0.0330 W/(m·k)和0.0263 W/(m·k)，分别比改造前降低26.7%和20.3%，表观密度达到177.55 kg/m^{分别为 3}和 53.61 kg/m ³。短期吸水率分别为0.78 kg/m ³和0.65 kg/m ³，比改性前降低35%和36.2%。抗压强度分别为42.6 kPa和14 kPa，比改造前提高了7%和103%。