Background Against a background of declining blood donor numbers, recruiting new donors is critical for the effective operations of healthcare providers. Thus, interventions are needed to recruit new blood donors. Purpose We provide initial evidence for Voluntary Reciprocal Altruism (VRA) to enhance nondonors’ willingness to become blood donors. VRA interventions involve asking two questions: one on accepting a blood transfusion if needed and one on willingness to donate. As early trials often use self-reports of willingness to perform blood donation behavior, we derive a correction factor to better estimate actual behavior. Finally, we explore the effect of VRA interventions on two prosocial emotions: gratitude and guilt. Methods Across three experiments (two in the UK and one in Australia: Total N = 1,208 nondonors) we manipulate VRA messages and explore how they affect both reported willingness to make a one-off or repeat blood donation and influence click through to blood donation, organ donation and volunteering registration sites (behavioral proxies). We report data from a longitudinal cohort (N = 809) that enables us to derive a correction for self-reported behavioral willingness. Results Across the three experiments, we show that exposure to a question that asks about accepting a transfusion if needed increased willingness to donate blood with some spillover to organ donor registration. We also show that gratitude has an independent effect on donation and report a behavioral correction factor of .10. Conclusions Asking nondonors about accepting a transfusion if needed is likely to be an effective strategy to increase new donor numbers.

中文翻译：

---

简单的互惠公平信息增强非献血者献血的意愿

背景 在献血者数量下降的背景下，招募新的献血者对于医疗保健提供者的有效运营至关重要。因此，需要采取干预措施来招募新的献血者。目的 我们为自愿互惠利他主义 (VRA) 提供初步证据，以提高非献血者成为献血者的意愿。VRA 干预涉及问两个问题：一个是在需要时接受输血，另一个是关于献血的意愿。由于早期试验经常使用自愿献血行为的自我报告，我们推导出一个校正因子来更好地估计实际行为。最后，我们探讨了 VRA 干预对两种亲社会情绪的影响：感恩和内疚。方法 跨越三个实验（两个在英国，一个在澳大利亚：总 N = 1，208 名非献血者）我们操纵 VRA 消息并探索它们如何影响报告的一次性或重复献血意愿，以及如何影响点击献血、器官捐赠和志愿登记网站（行为代理）。我们报告来自纵向队列（N = 809）的数据，这使我们能够对自我报告的行为意愿进行校正。结果 在这三个实验中，我们表明，如果需要接受输血，会增加献血的意愿，并会影响器官捐献者登记。我们还表明，感恩对捐赠有独立的影响，并报告了 0.10 的行为校正因子。结论 如果需要，询问非捐赠者是否接受输血可能是增加新捐赠者数量的有效策略。