ABSTRACT

Zinc deficiency is a global nutritional problem which is caused by low dietary intake. Wheat is mostly low in bioavailable Zn and is sensitive to zinc deficiency compared with other grain crops and as a result is reflected as cereal with low Zn efficiency. Zn deficiency prevails in arid to semiarid regions of the world for reasons of less solubility and more fixation of Zn in these soil conditions. Biofortification is currently one of the useful approaches to overcome worldwide malnourishment. A pot and two years field trials were conducted on wheat crop with following treatments: control, Zn @ 3 mg kg⁻¹, Zn @ 6 mg kg⁻¹, Zn @ 9 mg kg⁻¹, Compost @ 20 t ha⁻¹, Zn-enriched compost @ 3 mg kg⁻¹, Zn-enriched compost @ 6 mg kg⁻¹, Zn-enriched compost @ 9 mg kg⁻¹, Biochar @ 20 t ha⁻¹, Zn-enriched biochar @ 3 mg kg⁻¹, Zn-enriched biochar @ 6 mg kg⁻¹ and Zn-enriched biochar @ 9 mg kg⁻¹ and treatments for field trial: control, Zn @ 18 kg ha⁻¹, Compost @ 20 t ha⁻¹, Zn-enriched compost @ 18 kg ha⁻¹, Biochar @ 20 t ha⁻¹ and Zn-enriched biochar @ 18 kg ha⁻¹. Results of field trial revealed that maximum grain Zn (29.18 mg kg⁻¹) recorded in Zn-enriched compost @ 9 mg kg⁻¹ and minimum (17.8 mg kg⁻¹) was in control. It is concluded that Zn-enriched organic amendments especially compost found to be appropriate for yield of wheat crop and grain Zn biofortification of wheat that in result increased protein contents and reduced phytic acid concentration.

摘要

锌缺乏症是一个全球性的营养问题，由低膳食摄入量引起。小麦的生物可利用锌含量大多较低，与其他粮食作物相比，对锌缺乏敏感，因此表现为谷类作物的锌效率低。由于在这些土壤条件下锌的溶解度较低和更多的固定，锌缺乏在世界干旱至半干旱地区普遍存在。生物强化是目前克服全球营养不良的有用方法之一。对小麦作物进行了盆栽和两年田间试验，处理如下：对照，Zn @ 3 mg kg ^-1，Zn @ 6 mg kg ^-1，Zn @ 9 mg kg ^-1，堆肥 @ 20 t ha ^-1，富锌堆肥@ 3 mg kg ^-1, 富锌堆肥@ 6 mg kg ^-1 , 富锌堆肥@ 9 mg kg ^-1 , 生物炭@ 20 t ha ^-1 , 富锌生物炭@ 3 mg kg ^-1 , 富锌生物炭@ 6 mg kg ^-1和Zn富集生物炭@ 9毫克千克^-1和用于田间试验治疗：控制，锌@18公斤公顷^-1，堆肥@20吨公顷^-1，锌富集堆肥@18公斤公顷^-1，生物炭@ 20 t ha ^-1和富锌生物炭@18 kg ha ^-1。田间试验结果表明，在 9 mg kg ^-1和最小 (17.8 mg kg ^-1 )富锌堆肥中记录的最大颗粒 Zn (29.18 mg kg ^-1-1 ) 处于控制之中。结论是，富含锌的有机添加物特别是堆肥适合小麦作物的产量和小麦的谷物锌生物强化，从而增加蛋白质含量并降低植酸浓度。