Biological invasions occur when individuals of alien species establish and colonize new locations. The House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) is one of the most widespread invasive birds, native to Eurasia and North Africa, and has successfully invaded many regions from across the world. The House Sparrow was successfully introduced in 1852 into North America and quickly invaded most of the North American continent, except the Florida Peninsula. Currently, the species is found throughout agricultural and urban landscapes of North America except the Yucatan Peninsula. We analyzed the invasion process of the House Sparrow in order to determine why it is absent from the Yucatan Peninsula. For this, we focused our assessment on historical records of the species together with climatic variables. Using an ordination analysis, we compared the climatic space of the North American records for the House Sparrow with that of the Yucatan Peninsula, as well as those before and after the Florida Peninsula invasion, which took sparrows longer to fully colonize. We found that climate may represent an important driver in the process of invasion in the North American invasion of House Sparrows, probably delaying the Florida invasion, and so far, preventing the Yucatan Peninsula invasion. Our results suggest that the absence of the House Sparrow in the Yucatan Peninsula could be a temporal delay, as occurred in the Florida Peninsula; yet, climatic conditions in the Yucatan Peninsula show important differences from those of the Florida Peninsula. Given the species' plasticity and generalist life history traits, it is possible that the House Sparrow may overcome present climatic restrictions and invade the Yucatan Peninsula if proper management is not set in action.

中文翻译：

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北美入侵麻雀及其在尤卡坦半岛的缺席

当外来物种的个体建立并殖民新的地点时，就会发生生物入侵。家麻雀（Passerdomesticus）是最广泛的入侵鸟类之一，原产于欧亚大陆和北非，并已成功入侵世界各地的许多地区。麻雀于 1852 年被成功引入北美，并迅速入侵了除佛罗里达半岛外的大部分北美大陆。目前，除了尤卡坦半岛外，该物种遍布北美的农业和城市景观。我们分析了麻雀的入侵过程，以确定它为什么不在尤卡坦半岛。为此，我们将评估重点放在物种的历史记录和气候变量上。使用排序分析，我们将北美麻雀记录的气候空间与尤卡坦半岛的气候空间以及佛罗里达半岛入侵前后的气候空间进行了比较，后者需要更长的时间才能完全殖民麻雀。我们发现气候可能是北美入侵麻雀的入侵过程中的一个重要驱动因素，可能推迟了佛罗里达的入侵，到目前为止，还阻止了尤卡坦半岛的入侵。我们的结果表明，犹卡坦半岛没有麻雀可能会暂时延迟，就像佛罗里达半岛那样。然而，尤卡坦半岛的气候条件与佛罗里达半岛的气候条件存在重大差异。考虑到该物种的可塑性和通俗的生活史特征，