Introduction. Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) are the most common pathogens from the genus Staphylococcus causing biofilm-associated infections. Generally, biofilm-associated infections represent a clinical challenge. Bacteria in biofilms are difficult to eradicate due to their resistance and serve as a reservoir for recurring persistent infections. Gap Statement. A variety of protocols for in vitro drug activity testing against staphylococcal biofilms have been introduced. However, there are often fundamental differences. All these differences in methodical approaches can then be reflected in the form of discrepancies between results. Aim. In this study, we aimed to develop optimal conditions for staphylococcal biofilm formation on pegs. The impact of peg surface modification was also studied. Methodology. The impact of tryptic soy broth alone or supplemented with foetal bovine serum (FBS) or human plasma (HP), together with the impact of the inoculum density of bacterial suspensions and the shaking versus the static mode of cultivation, on total biofilm biomass production in SA and SE reference strains was studied. The surface of pegs was modified with FBS, HP, or poly-l-lysine (PLL). The impact on total biofilm biomass was evaluated using the crystal violet staining method and statistical data analysis. Results. Tryptic soy broth supplemented with HP together with the shaking mode led to crucial potentiation of biofilm formation on pegs in SA strains. The SE strain did not produce biofilm biomass under the same conditions on pegs. Preconditioning of peg surfaces with FBS and HP led to a statistically significant increase in biofilm biomass formation in the SE strain. Conclusion. Optimal cultivation conditions for robust staphylococcal biofilm formation in vitro might differ among different bacterial strains and methodical approaches. The shaking mode and supplementation of cultivation medium with HP was beneficial for biofilm formation on pegs for SA (ATCC 29213) and methicillin-resistant SA (ATCC 43300). Peg conditioning with HP and PLL had no impact on biofilm formation in either of these strains. Peg coating with FBS showed an adverse effect on the biofilm formation of these strains. By contrast, there was a statistically significant increase in biofilm biomass production on pegs coated with FBS and HP for SE (ATCC 35983).

中文翻译：

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在类似于卡尔加里生物膜装置的系统中研究培养条件和 peg 表面改性对金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌体外生物膜形成的影响

介绍。 金黄色葡萄球菌(SA) 和表皮葡萄球菌(SE) 是葡萄球菌属最常见的病原体，可引起生物膜相关感染。通常，生物膜相关感染是一项临床挑战。生物膜中的细菌由于其耐药性而难以根除，并且是反复持续感染的储存库。差距声明。已经引入了多种针对葡萄球菌生物膜的体外药物活性测试的方案。但是，通常存在根本差异。然后，方法论方法中的所有这些差异都可以以结果之间差异的形式反映出来。目标。 在这项研究中，我们旨在开发在钉上形成葡萄球菌生物膜的最佳条件。还研究了钉表面改性的影响。方法。单独或补充有胎牛血清 (FBS) 或人血浆 (HP) 的胰蛋白酶大豆肉汤的影响，以及细菌悬浮液的接种密度和摇动与静态培养模式的影响，对总生物膜生物量产生的影响研究了 SA 和 SE 参考菌株。桩的表面用FBS，HP，或聚改性升-赖氨酸（PLL）。使用结晶紫染色方法和统计数据分析评估对总生物膜生物量的影响。结果。补充有 HP 的胰蛋白酶大豆肉汤与振荡模式一起导致 SA 菌株 pegs 上生物膜形成的关键增强。SE 菌株在相同条件下在钉上不产生生物膜生物量。用 FBS 和 HP 对 peg 表面进行预处理导致 SE 菌株中生物膜生物量形成的统计学显着增加。结论。体外稳健葡萄球菌生物膜形成的最佳培养条件不同的细菌菌株和有条不紊的方法可能会有所不同。振荡模式和添加 HP 培养基有利于 SA (ATCC 29213) 和耐甲氧西林 SA (ATCC 43300) 钉上的生物膜形成。使用 HP 和 PLL 进行 Peg 调节对这些菌株中的任何一种的生物膜形成都没有影响。带有 FBS 的 Peg 涂层对这些菌株的生物膜形成有不利影响。相比之下，对于 SE (ATCC 35983)，涂有 FBS 和 HP 的钉子上的生物膜生物质产量在统计学上显着增加。