The locations, times, and mechanisms by which heat and salt are transported through and within the Nordic Seas are discussed. The analysis is based on a regional, high resolution coupled sea ice-ocean numerical model, a climatological hydrographic data set, and atmospheric reanalysis. The model and climatology are broadly consistent in terms of heat loss, water masses, and mean geostrophic currents. The model fields are used to demonstrate that the dominant exchange between basins is an export of warm, salty water from the Norwegian Sea into the Greenland and Iceland Seas, with both the mean cyclonic boundary current system and eddy fluxes playing important roles. In both the model and the climatology, approximately 2/3 of the heat loss to the atmosphere over the Nordic Seas is found over the mean cyclonic flow and 1/3 takes place within the closed recirculations in the interior of each of the basin gyres, with the Norwegian Sea having the largest heat loss. The seasonal cycle is dominated by local air-sea heat flux within the gyres while it is dominated by lateral advection in the cyclonic boundary current, particularly in the northern Norwegian and Greenland Seas. The freshwater flux off the east Greenland shelf is correlated with the local winds such that in winter, when winds are generally towards the southwest, freshwater is advected onto the shelf and in summer, when winds are weak or towards the northeast, freshwater is advected into the Greenland Sea, which leads to salinification in winter and freshening in summer.

讨论了热量和盐分通过北欧海和在北欧海内运输的地点、时间和机制。该分析基于区域高分辨率海冰-海洋耦合数值模型、气候水文数据集和大气再分析。该模型和气候学在热损失、水团和平均地转流方面大体一致。模型场用于证明盆地之间的主要交换是从挪威海到格陵兰海和冰岛海的温暖咸水的输出，平均气旋边界流系统和涡通量都起着重要作用。在模型和气候学中，北欧海大气中大约 2/3 的热量损失发生在平均气旋流上，1/3 发生在每个盆地环流内部的封闭再循环中，其中挪威海的热量最大失利。季节性循环以环流内的局部海气热通量为主，而在气旋边界流中以横向平流为主，特别是在挪威北部和格陵兰海。东格陵兰大陆架的淡水通量与当地的风有关，因此在冬季，当风通常向西南方向时，淡水被平流到大陆架上，而在夏季，当风弱或向东北方向时，淡水被平流到大陆架上。格陵兰海，导致冬季盐化和夏季清新。