In recent decades, a growing body of literature has focused on emotion regulation (ER), which refers to the ability to implement strategies in order to modulate emotional responses and reach desirable goals. To date, impaired ER (i.e., emotion dysregulation) has been identified as a transdiagnostic factor across a wide range of psychopathological conditions, which shows the importance of improving patients' ability to regulate negative and positive emotions in clinical practice. In addition to the increasing evidence showing its efficacy in the treatment of several clinical conditions, virtual reality (VR) has recently emerged as a potentially powerful tool for enhancing ER, thus breaking new ground in the development of cutting-edge transdiagnostic interventions. In the present narrative review, we will provide an overview of the existing evidence about VR-based interventions in the field of ER, emphasizing the promising findings and the barriers that still have to be addressed. To this aim, the available VR-based literature will be analysed in relation to four categories of ER strategies: situational strategies, attentional strategies, cognitive strategies, and response modulation strategies. Furthermore, new emerging fields of research targeting innovative aspects of ER will be highlighted, including the use of VR to promote positive emotions and interpersonal ER skills. Besides, its cost-effectiveness will be discussed, taking into account the costs for both developers (e.g., clinicians and researchers) and end-users. Finally, future directions in this promising field of research will be outlined.

中文翻译：

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增强情绪调节的虚拟现实

近几十年来，越来越多的文献关注情绪调节 (ER)，它指的是实施策略以调节情绪反应并达到理想目标的能力。迄今为止，受损的 ER（即情绪失调）已被确定为跨多种精神病理学状况的跨诊断因素，这表明在临床实践中提高患者调节消极和积极情绪的能力的重要性。除了越来越多的证据显示其在治疗多种临床疾病方面的功效外，虚拟现实 (VR) 最近已成为增强 ER 的潜在强大工具，从而在尖端跨诊断干预的发展方面开辟了新天地。在目前的叙述性评论中，我们将概述有关 ER 领域基于 VR 的干预措施的现有证据，强调有希望的发现和仍需解决的障碍。为此，将根据四类 ER 策略分析可用的基于 VR 的文献：情境策略、注意策略、认知策略和反应调节策略。此外，将突出针对 ER 创新方面的新兴研究领域，包括使用 VR 促进积极情绪和人际 ER 技能。此外，将讨论其成本效益，同时考虑到开发人员（例如，临床医生和研究人员）和最终用户的成本。最后，将概述这个有前途的研究领域的未来方向。