Recent understanding of the thermodynamics of small-scale systems have enabled the characterization of the thermodynamic requirements of implementing quantum processes for fixed input states. Here, we extend these results to construct optimal universal implementations of a given process, that is, implementations that are accurate for any possible input state even after many independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) repetitions of the process. We find that the optimal work cost rate of such an implementation is given by the thermodynamic capacity of the process, which is a single-letter and additive quantity defined as the maximal difference in relative entropy to the thermal state between the input and the output of the channel. Beyond being a thermodynamic analogue of the reverse Shannon theorem for quantum channels, our results introduce a new notion of quantum typicality and present a thermodynamic application of convex-split methods.

最近对小规模系统热力学的理解使得能够表征为固定输入状态实施量子过程的热力学要求。在这里，我们扩展这些结果以构建给定过程的最佳通用实现，即即使在过程的许多独立和同分布 (iid) 重复之后，对于任何可能的输入状态也是准确的实现。我们发现这种实施的最佳工作成本率由过程的热力学容量给出，它是一个单字母和添加量，定义为输入和输出之间热状态相对熵的最大差异这个频道。除了是量子通道的反向香农定理的热力学模拟之外，