The Cascadia subduction zone (CSZ) is an exceptional geologic environment for recording evidence of land-level changes, tsunamis, and ground motion that reveals at least 19 great megathrust earthquakes over the past 10 kyr. Such earthquakes are among the most impactful natural hazards on Earth, transcend national boundaries, and can have global impact.Reducing the societal impacts of future events in the US Pacific Northwest and coastal British Columbia, Canada, requires improved scientific understanding of megathrust earthquake rupture, recurrence, and corresponding hazards. Despite substantial knowledge gained from decades of research, large uncertainties remain about the characteristics and frequencies of past CSZ earthquakes. In this review, we summarize geological, geophysical, and instrumental evidence relevant to understanding megathrust earthquakes along the CSZ and associated uncertainties. We discuss how the evidence constrains various models of great megathrust earthquake recurrence in Cascadia and identify potential paths forward for the earthquake science community.

卡斯卡迪亚俯冲带 (CSZ) 是一个特殊的地质环境，用于记录地表变化、海啸和地面运动的证据，这些证据揭示了过去 10 kyr 中至少发生了 19 次大地震。此类地震是地球上影响最大的自然灾害之一，跨越国界，可以产生全球影响。 减少美国太平洋西北部和加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省沿海未来事件的社会影响，需要提高对特大地震破裂的科学认识，再次发生，以及相应的危害。尽管从几十年的研究中获得了大量知识，但过去 CSZ 地震的特征和频率仍然存在很大的不确定性。在这篇综述中，我们总结了地质、地球物理、以及与了解沿 CSZ 的超强逆冲地震和相关不确定性相关的工具证据。我们讨论证据如何限制卡斯卡迪亚大地震复发的各种模型，并确定地震科学界的潜在前进道路。