The normalization model of attention (NMoA) predicts that the attention gain pattern is mediated by changes in the size of the attentional field and stimuli. However, existing studies have not measured gain patterns when the relative sizes of stimuli are changed. To investigate the NMoA, the present study manipulated the attentional field size, namely, the exogenous cue size. Moreover, we assessed whether the relative rather than the absolute size of the attentional field matters, either by holding the target size constant and changing the cue size (experiments 1-3) or by holding the cue size constant and changing the target size (experiment 4), in a spatial cueing paradigm of psychophysical procedures. The results show that the gain modulations changed from response gain to contrast gain when the precue size changed from small to large relative to the target size (experiments 1-3). Moreover, when the target size was once again made larger than the precue size, there was still a change in response gain (experiment 4). These results suggest that the size of exogenous cues plays an important role in adjusting the attentional field and that relative changes rather than absolute changes to exogenous cue size determine gain modulation. These results are consistent with the prediction of the NMoA and provide novel insights into gain modulations of visual selective attention.

注意力标准化模型（NMoA）预测注意力增益模式是由注意力场和刺激大小的变化调节的。然而，现有研究尚未测量刺激相对大小改变时的增益模式。为了研究 NMoA，本研究操纵了注意力区域的大小，即外源线索的大小。此外，我们评估了注意力区域的相对大小而不是绝对大小是否重要，或者通过保持目标大小不变并改变提示大小（实验1-3），或者通过保持提示大小不变并改变目标大小（实验4），在心理物理程序的空间提示范式中。结果表明，当预提示尺寸相对于目标尺寸从小到大变化时，增益调制从响应增益变为对比度增益（实验1-3）。此外，当目标尺寸再次大于预提示尺寸时，响应增益仍然存在变化（实验4）。这些结果表明，外源线索的大小在调整注意力领域中起着重要作用，并且外源线索大小的相对变化而不是绝对变化决定了增益调节。这些结果与 NMoA 的预测一致，并为视觉选择性注意的增益调节提供了新颖的见解。