Abstract

A very important and influential idea of the so-called combined topological defects was proposed for the first time in cosmology (see, for example, the fundamental work [1]) to describe the emergence of various topological defects in the early stages of the evolution of the universe. This idea was later developed in detail theoretically and confirmed by sophisticated experiments in superfluid helium-3 carried out by a group of researchers from the Low Temperature Laboratory in Helsinki, the Kapitsa Institute for Physical Problems and the Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences. In the present publication, which is motivated precisely by these studies, the possibility of such combined defects is illustrated using a much less exotic example of liquid crystals.

中文翻译：

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铁电向列中的组合缺陷

摘要

宇宙学中首次提出了一个非常重要和有影响的所谓组合拓扑缺陷的思想（例如，参见基础工作[1]）来描述在演化的早期阶段出现的各种拓扑缺陷。宇宙的。这个想法后来在理论上得到了详细的发展，并被来自赫尔辛基低温实验室、卡皮察物理问题研究所和朗道理论物理研究所的一组研究人员在超流氦 3 中进行的复杂实验所证实。科学。在本出版物中，正是由这些研究激发的，使用液晶的一个不太奇特的例子说明了这种组合缺陷的可能性。