Whether airborne microbial community can be affected by air quality in a short time has been controversial. To study the relationships between the hub bacteria, fungi, and air quality will allow to better understand the mechanism of microbial community change. Total suspended particulate samples were collected to explore the microbial community by metagenome sequencing. Results showed that the bacterial richness and diversity showed a weak uptrend with the increase in air quality index (AQI). The bacterial community was relatively stable, and its minor change was more likely to be caused by AQI. However, the fungal community randomly varied. Only fungal richness showed a weak downtrend with the increase in AQI. Among 14 hub bacteria and 19 hub fungi, four bacteria Marmoricola, Asticcacaulis, Sphingomonas, and Clostridium sensu stricto were related to AQI, but none of hub fungi. In aerosols, there were many pathogenic species (33 bacteria, 17 fungi), and the abundances of pathogens were relatively high (bacteria: > 13.50%, fungi: > 12.08%). The findings presented here indicated that in Hefei in mid-spring, with a good air quality (AQI ≤ 101), the residents living around the sampling point also may be subjected to health threats by microorganisms.

空气中微生物群落是否会在短时间内受到空气质量的影响一直存在争议。研究枢纽细菌、真菌和空气质量之间的关系将有助于更好地了解微生物群落变化的机制。收集总悬浮颗粒样品以通过宏基因组测序探索微生物群落。结果表明，随着空气质量指数（AQI）的增加，细菌丰富度和多样性呈微弱上升趋势。细菌群落相对稳定，其微小变化更可能是由AQI引起的。然而，真菌群落随机变化。随着AQI的增加，只有真菌丰富度呈现出微弱的下降趋势。在14种中心细菌和19种中心真菌中，有4种细菌分别为Marmoricola和Asticcacaulis、Sphingomonas和Clostridium sensu stricto 与 AQI 相关，但与枢纽真菌无关。气溶胶中病原菌种类较多（细菌33种，真菌17种），病原体丰度较高（细菌：>13.50%，真菌：>12.08%）。研究结果表明，合肥中秋空气质量良好（AQI≤101），采样点附近的居民也可能受到微生物健康的威胁。