Purpose

Entamoeba gingivalis (E. gingivalis) is one of the members of the wide range of oral resident pathogens in humans, particularly found in dental plaques, surfaces of gingiva or teeth, interdental spaces and carious lesions. The purpose of the current review and meta-analysis was to determine the global prevalence of E. gingivalis infection and its association with oral diseases based on published literatures.

Materials and Methods

Multiple English databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science and Google Scholar) were explored for papers published until August 2020. A total of 52 studies (including 7596 participants) met the inclusion criteria.

Results

The overall prevalence of E. gingivalis was estimated to be 37% (95% CI 29–46%). With regard to different countries, the highest and lowest pooled prevalence of E. gingivalis infection were related to Jordan with 87% (95% CI 81–92%) and Portugal with 3% (95% CI 0–10%), respectively. Based on WHO regions, the highest prevalence was related to the region of the Americas with 56% (95% CI 31–79%). The infection was most prevalent in 46–55 mean age groups [61% (95% CI 21–94%)]. Among different diagnostic methods, the highest rate of the pooled prevalence was related to the molecular [53% (95% CI 24–81%)] and the direct methods [36% (95% CI 25–47%)], respectively. Our analyses revealed that E. gingivalis infection was associated with 4.34-fold increased risk of oral diseases (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Our findings revealed a high prevalence rate of the infection among periodontal disease patients with 37% (95% CI 20–57%). To conclude, it must be considered that E. gingivalis can be a risk factor associated with oral diseases and a wide range of research is needed to specify its role in the pathogenesis of these disorders.

中文翻译：

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人类牙龈内阿米巴的全球现状和流行病学：系统评价和荟萃分析

目的

齿龈内阿米巴（E。牙龈）是广泛的口服居民病原体在人类中的成员，牙菌斑尤其发现之一，牙龈或牙齿，齿间空间和龋损的表面。本综述和荟萃分析的目的是根据已发表的文献确定牙龈线虫感染的全球流行率及其与口腔疾病的关系。

材料和方法

对多个英文数据库（PubMed、Scopus、Science Direct、Web of Science 和 Google Scholar）进行了检索，以查找 2020 年 8 月之前发表的论文。共有 52 项研究（包括 7596 名参与者）符合纳入标准。

结果

E. gingivalis的总体流行率估计为 37% (95% CI 29–46%)。就不同国家而言，牙龈线虫感染的最高和最低汇总流行率分别与约旦相关，为 87%（95% CI 81-92%），葡萄牙相关为 3%（95% CI 0-10%）。根据世卫组织区域，最高流行率与美洲区域相关，为 56%（95% CI 31-79%）。感染在 46-55 个平均年龄组中最为普遍 [61% (95% CI 21-94%)]。在不同的诊断方法中，汇总流行率最高的分别是分子 [53% (95% CI 24-81%)] 和直接方法 [36% (95% CI 25-47%)]。我们的分析表明E. gingivalis感染与口腔疾病风险增加 4.34 倍相关（P  < 0.05）。

结论

我们的研究结果显示，牙周病患者的感染率很高，为 37%（95% CI 20-57%）。总而言之，必须考虑到E. gingivalis可能是与口腔疾病相关的危险因素，需要进行广泛的研究来明确其在这些疾病的发病机制中的作用。