Traditionally, humans have consumed nonhuman primates in many places, including throughout the Amazon region. However, primate consumption rates are changing with rising urbanization and market access. We characterize primate consumption in central Amazonia using 192 qualitative interviews with inhabitants in three rural villages and in the city of Tefé. We used a generalized linear model to investigate how individual consumer characteristics, such as age and gender, and livelihoods affected primate consumption. We also used principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), and word clouds and network text analyses, to describe reasons people gave for eating or avoiding primates. Our results show that men were more likely to say that they eat primates than women, and that the probability that a person said that they eat primates correlated positively with the percentage of their life lived in rural areas. People gave sentiment and ethical reasons not to eat primates. Custom influenced whether people said they eat primates both positively and negatively, while taste positively influenced whether people said they eat primates. A preference for other wild meats in rural areas, and for domestic meats in cities negatively influenced whether people said they eat primates. People also cited the perceptions that primates have a human-like appearance and that primate meat is unhealthy as reasons not to eat primates. People in urban areas also cited conservation attitudes as reasons for not eating primates. Our findings provide an understanding of factors influencing primate consumption in our study area and will be useful for designing tailored conservation initiatives by reducing hunting pressure on primates in rural settings and increasing the effectiveness of outreach campaigns in urban centers.

传统上，人类在许多地方食用非人类灵长类动物，包括整个亚马逊地区。然而，灵长类动物的消费率正在随着城市化进程的加快和市场准入而发生变化。我们通过对三个农村和 Tefé 市居民的 192 次定性访谈来描述亚马逊河中部的灵长类动物消费特征。我们使用广义线性模型来研究个体消费者特征（例如年龄和性别）以及生计如何影响灵长类动物的消费。我们还使用主坐标分析 (PCoA)、词云和网络文本分析来描述人们吃或避免灵长类动物的原因。我们的结果表明，男性比女性更有可能说他们吃灵长类动物，一个人说他们吃灵长类动物的概率与他们生活在农村地区的百分比呈正相关。人们给出了不吃灵长类动物的情感和道德理由。习俗对人们是否说他们吃灵长类动物有积极和消极的影响，而口味对人们是否说他们吃灵长类动物有积极的影响。农村地区偏爱其他野味，城市偏爱家养肉类，这对人们是否说他们吃灵长类动物产生了负面影响。人们还引用了灵长类动物具有与人类相似的外观以及灵长类动物的肉不健康的看法作为不吃灵长类动物的理由。城市地区的人们也将保护态度作为不吃灵长类动物的原因。