In 2021, as part of the Convention on Biological Diversity, the world’s nations will meet to determine biodiversity targets for this decade, including area-based protection targets. Conservation tenders (a form of market-based instrument) have been used in several countries for the protection and restoration of biodiversity and ecosystem services​ within a defined area, mostly on private land. Conservation tenders are promoted as delivering cost-effective and targeted investment/outcomes in the context of limited funding for conservation. Despite the significant investment in the approach, the resultant biodiversity conservation outcomes from these tenders have received relatively little research attention. Key questions on the efficacy of conservation tenders for achieving biodiversity conservation outcomes are discussed, to inform policy makers, programme managers and researchers. Questions include the following: (i) What are the conservation objectives that conservation tenders seek to address that other mechanisms cannot?, (ii) What have been the biodiversity outcomes realised as they relate to ecosystem/habitat representation or ecosystem services?, (iii) How do policy makers plan to realise biodiversity values beyond the term of the agreement given no publicly stated strategy on securing long-term outcomes?, (iv) Is reporting of activities and results sufficient to judge changed biodiversity condition or delivery of expected outcomes at the end of the agreement, and are there efforts/plans/aims to follow up on outcomes post the agreement term?, (v) What proportion of successful tenderers have a protective conservation covenant in place prior to signing a tender or as a result of signing a tender agreement?, (vi) What do we know about the intentions and capacity of landholders beyond the term of the agreement and what has been the fate of agreements (and conservation outcomes) if they have changed hands during the course of the agreement?, (vii) Is the confidential nature of bidding in many conservation tenders missing the opportunity for collective or collaborative conservation efforts that can sustain learning and enthusiasm post-tender?, and (viii) Is the information on ecological values (ecosystem type, quality, landscape context etc) presented or made available in a way to landholders that maximises likely bidding to ensure a large pool and thus programme efficiency?

中文翻译：

---

作为在私人土地上实现生物多样性惠益的手段，保护性招标的关键问题

2021 年，作为《生物多样性公约》的一部分，世界各国将开会确定本十年的生物多样性目标，包括基于区域的保护目标。保护招标（一种基于市场的工具形式）已在一些国家用于保护和恢复特定区域内的生物多样性和生态系统服务，主要是在私人土地上。在保护资金有限的情况下，保护招标被推广为提供具有成本效益和有针对性的投资/成果。尽管对该方法进行了大量投资，但这些招标所产生的生物多样性保护结果很少受到研究关注。讨论了保护招标对实现生物多样性保护结果的有效性的关键问题，以告知决策者，项目经理和研究人员。问题包括以下内容：(i) 保护招标寻求解决哪些其他机制无法解决的保护目标？，(ii) 与生态系统/栖息地代表或生态系统服务相关的生物多样性成果是什么？，(iii) ) 在没有公开声明的确保长期成果的战略的情况下，决策者如何计划在协议期限之后实现生物多样性价值？, (iv) 活动和结果的报告是否足以判断生物多样性状况的变化或预期成果的交付协议结束，是否有努力/计划/目标来跟进协议期限后的结果？，