In rice production, early growth is often slow in direct-seeded system. Techniques to overcome this barrier are needed. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Kikuichi—a biofertilizer containing Bacillus pumilus TUAT1 spore—in promoting rice growth in a direct-sowing system. Oxygen, iron, and molybdenum as coating materials were also evaluated to combine with biofertilizer. The seeds were coated with powdered Kikuichi with polyvinyl alcohol followed by a coating with calcium peroxide (CALPER), molybdenum (Benmoly), and iron powder. Double coating with the biofertilizer and Benmoly promoted plant growth. We applied amounts of Kikuichi equivalent to one, two and a half, and five times the weight of the seeds and found that the growth-promoting effect was dependent on the amount applied. The best timing of application of the coating, specifically during sprouting, was before the coleoptile emerged. Bacillus pumilus TUAT1 can enhance the growth of rice when it exists in high concentration on the spermosphere by coating with molybdenum, but double coating with neither calcium peroxide nor iron powder contributed to the initial growth of the seeds. Kikuichi coating with Benmoly has positive effects on the rice growth. This coating method is suitable to apply biofertilizer for direct sowing cultivation of rice.

中文翻译：

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含有短小芽孢杆菌 TUAT1 菌株孢子的生物肥料的种子包衣促进了水稻的初始生​​长。

在水稻生产中，直接播种系统的早期生长通常很慢。需要克服这一障碍的技术。本研究评估了菊一（一种含有短小芽孢杆菌的生物肥料）的有效性TUAT1 孢子——在直播系统中促进水稻生长。还评估了氧、铁和钼作为涂层材料与生物肥料的结合。种子用聚乙烯醇粉状菊一包衣，然后用过氧化钙 (CALPER)、钼 (Benmoly) 和铁粉包衣。生物肥料和 Benmoly 的双重涂层促进了植物的生长。我们施用相当于种子重量的一倍、二倍半和五倍的菊一，发现促进生长的效果取决于施用的量。涂层的最佳施用时间，特别是在发芽期间，是在胚芽鞘出现之前。短小芽孢杆菌TUAT1以高浓度存在于精球中时，可以通过钼包被来促进水稻的生长，但双包膜既没有过氧化钙也没有铁粉对种子的初始生长有​​贡献。菊一包覆 Benmoly 对水稻生长有积极影响。这种包衣方法适用于水稻直播栽培中应用生物肥料。