Background

Parent-child interaction is essential to promote adaptive emotional, cognitive, and social development. The majority of previous research on parent-child interaction is largely dependent on face-to-face exchanges that require the interactive partners to visually recognize reciprocal communicative bids. Therefore, previous findings in the field can only partially apply to the early interactive patterns occurring between visually impaired infants and their parents. The present study was aimed to systematically review the available evidence on parent-child interaction in the context of developmental visual impairment.

Methods

Fourteen papers were finally selected after literature search on PubMed and Scopus. Data synthesis was focused on three core topics: visually impaired children’s contribution to the interaction, parental caregiving behaviors with visually impaired children, and the association between parents’ behaviors and the developmental outcomes of children with visual impairment.

Results

Visually impaired children may exhibit reduced reactivity to maternal stimuli and less-than-optimal levels of interactive initiations in social exchanges. Parents of children with visual impairment may use more descriptive communicative acts and greater directiveness compared to mothers of sighted counterparts. Specific caregiving behaviors (e.g., responsiveness and goal setting) of parents of children with visual impairment may significantly support language and socio-emotional development as well as sensorimotor integration.

Discussion

Children with visual impairment may be less responsive and they may produce less clear communicative bids while interacting with their parents. Their parents may face specific challenges while engaging with them and they may become increasingly directive and intrusive. Nonetheless, even in the presence of visual impairment, the quality of parental caregiving behaviors appears to play a potential preventive role in the face of children’s socio-emotional and cognitive outcomes. These results suggest that early interventions focused on parent-child interactions are especially needed in this population.

中文翻译：

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眼睛之外的团结：对视障儿童与其父母之间互动的系统评价

背景

亲子互动对于促进适应性情绪、认知和社交发展至关重要。以前关于亲子互动的大部分研究很大程度上依赖于面对面的交流，这需要互动合作伙伴在视觉上识别相互交流的出价。因此，该领域先前的发现仅部分适用于视力受损婴儿与其父母之间发生的早期互动模式。本研究旨在系统地审查有关发育性视力障碍背景下亲子互动的现有证据。

方法

在 PubMed 和 Scopus 上进行文献检索，最终选出了 14 篇论文。数据综合侧重于三个核心主题：视障儿童对互动的贡献、父母对视障儿童的照顾行为以及父母的行为与视障儿童的发展结果之间的关联。

结果

视力受损的儿童可能对母体刺激的反应性降低，并且在社交交流中的互动启动水平低于最佳水平。与视力正常儿童的母亲相比，视力障碍儿童的父母可能会使用更多描述性的交流行为和更大的指示性。视力障碍儿童父母的特定照顾行为（例如，反应能力和目标设定）可能显着支持语言和社会情感发展以及感觉运动整合。

讨论

有视力障碍的儿童可能反应迟钝，他们在与父母互动时可能会产生不太清晰的交流要求。他们的父母在与他们接触时可能会面临特定的挑战，他们可能变得越来越指令性和侵入性。尽管如此，即使存在视力障碍，父母照顾行为的质量似乎在儿童的社会情感和认知结果方面发挥着潜在的预防作用。这些结果表明，这一人群尤其需要针对亲子互动的早期干预。