Background. Diabetes is one of the most common underlying health conditions among Hajj pilgrims. Many diabetics manage their condition using insulin, which requires appropriate storage conditions to maintain its stability and effectiveness. We aimed to investigate insulin knowledge, storage, and handling among diabetic pilgrims during Hajj to identify specific areas for improvement. Method. Adult diabetic pilgrims from 22 countries were interviewed using a structured questionnaire during the 2019 Hajj. Results. The study enrolled 277 diabetic pilgrims with a mean age of 58.4 years (, range: 20-83) and male : female ratio of 1.6 : 1. Most participants (86.4%) were literate and reported using insulin for a mean of 7.1 years (, range: 1-23). Over 95% of pilgrims brought their insulin with them from their country of origin, where they also received most of their insulin storage information, mainly from physicians (77.8%) and pharmacists (59.6%). Pilgrims’ knowledge regarding insulin storage was just above average (; ). Pilgrims who were literate and previously received education on insulin storage, those with a higher level of education, and those with a longer duration of insulin therapy, had significantly higher knowledge scores. Pilgrims’ storage and handling of their insulin during Hajj also varied depending on the stages of their pilgrimage journey. Conclusion. Inadequate knowledge and inappropriate practices regarding insulin handling and storage were identified among diabetic Hajj pilgrims, which could compromise the quality of insulin and lead to health hazards. Improving diabetic pilgrims’ knowledge of diabetes management, including insulin storage, will be beneficial during the pilgrimage and beyond.

中文翻译：

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朝觐群众集会期间糖尿病朝圣者的胰岛素知识、处理和储存

背景。糖尿病是朝觐者最常见的潜在健康问题之一。许多糖尿病患者使用胰岛素来控制病情，这需要适当的储存条件以保持其稳定性和有效性。我们旨在调查朝觐期间糖尿病朝圣者的胰岛素知识、储存和处理，以确定需要改进的特定领域。方法。在 2019 年的朝觐期间，使用结构化问卷采访了来自 22 个国家的成年糖尿病朝圣者。结果。该研究招募了 277 名平均年龄为 58.4 岁的糖尿病患者（，范围：20-83) 和男性：女性的比例为 1.6：1。大多数参与者 (86.4%) 识字并报告使用胰岛素的时间平均为 7.1 年（，范围：1-23）。超过 95% 的朝圣者从他们的原籍国带来了他们的胰岛素，在那里他们也收到了大部分的胰岛素储存信息，主要来自医生 (77.8%) 和药剂师 (59.6%)。朝圣者对胰岛素储存的了解略高于平均水平（; ）。受过教育且以前接受过胰岛素储存教育的朝圣者、受教育程度较高的朝圣者以及胰岛素治疗持续时间较长的朝圣者的知识得分明显较高。朝觐期间朝圣者对胰岛素的储存和处理也因朝圣之旅的阶段而异。结论。在糖尿病朝觐者中发现了有关胰岛素处理和储存的知识不足和不当做法，这可能会影响胰岛素的质量并导致健康危害。提高糖尿病朝圣者的糖尿病管理知识，包括胰岛素储存，将在朝圣期间及之后有益。