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Dietary Influence on the Dynamics of the Human Gut Microbiome: Prospective Implications in Interventional Therapies
ACS Food Science & Technology ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-27 , DOI: 10.1021/acsfoodscitech.0c00075 K. K. Adithya 1 , Riya Rajeev 2 , Joseph Selvin 2 , George Seghal Kiran 1
ACS Food Science & Technology ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-27 , DOI: 10.1021/acsfoodscitech.0c00075 K. K. Adithya 1 , Riya Rajeev 2 , Joseph Selvin 2 , George Seghal Kiran 1
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Dietary factors have a significantly influential role in regulating body homeostasis by modulating gut microbial composition, supplying different sources of nutrients, and inducing changes in the body. Unhealthy short- or long-term modifications in the dietary pattern can alter the intestinal microbiota, leading to a loss of metabolic control and physiological activities, which is a growing concern as per recent studies. Diets, mainly containing high-fat, high-carbohydrate, and low-fiber content, are predisposing factors that could lead to gut dysbiosis, thereby causing health disorders. In comparison with different dietary patterns, vegan and vegetarian diets containing plentiful fruits and vegetables are known for anti-inflammatory properties and eliminating gut dysbiosis, causing improvement in intestinal well-being. Microbes in the gut can regulate cholesterol metabolism, blood glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and many other metabolic pathways; hence, the dysbiosis of microbiota leads to metabolic disorders such as cardiovascular disorders, type 2 diabetes, obesity, etc. Recent research advancements have expanded the knowledge on the potentiality of the gut microbiome in regulating mood and behavior. The rebiosis strategy includes the treatment of microbiome-associated illness via an increment of microbial resilience within the gut by administering probiotics or prebiotics. Therefore, over the last few decades, health benefits offered by probiotics and prebiotics have been the focus of intensive research. Psychobiotics is also an emerging novel antidepressant therapy that influences the control of mental conditions through the application of probiotics that could interact through the gut–brain axis. This review aims to examine the latest research evaluating the impact of diet on homeostasis and host body well-being with a special reference to the importance of gut microbiota and its modulation against dysbiosis.
中文翻译：
饮食对人体肠道微生物群动力学的影响：介入治疗的前瞻性意义
饮食因素通过调节肠道微生物组成、提供不同的营养来源和诱导身体变化，在调节身体稳态方面具有显着影响作用。饮食模式中不健康的短期或长期改变会改变肠道微生物群，导致代谢控制和生理活动的丧失，根据最近的研究，这是一个越来越令人担忧的问题。饮食主要含有高脂肪、高碳水化合物和低纤维含量，是导致肠道菌群失调的诱发因素，从而导致健康问题。与不同的饮食模式相比，含有丰富水果和蔬菜的纯素和素食饮食以抗炎特性和消除肠道菌群失调而著称，从而改善肠道健康。肠道中的微生物可以调节胆固醇代谢、血糖稳态、胰岛素敏感性和许多其他代谢途径；因此，微生物群的失调会导致代谢紊乱，如心血管疾病、2 型糖尿病、肥胖症等。最近的研究进展扩大了对肠道微生物群在调节情绪和行为方面潜力的认识。再生物策略包括通过给予益生菌或益生元增加肠道内微生物的恢复能力来治疗微生物组相关疾病。因此，在过去的几十年里，益生菌和益生元提供的健康益处一直是深入研究的重点。精神益生菌也是一种新兴的新型抗抑郁疗法，它通过应用可以通过肠 - 脑轴相互作用的益生菌来影响对精神状况的控制。本综述旨在审查评估饮食对体内平衡和宿主身体健康影响的最新研究，特别提到肠道微生物群的重要性及其对生态失调的调节。
更新日期：2021-06-18
中文翻译：
饮食对人体肠道微生物群动力学的影响：介入治疗的前瞻性意义
饮食因素通过调节肠道微生物组成、提供不同的营养来源和诱导身体变化，在调节身体稳态方面具有显着影响作用。饮食模式中不健康的短期或长期改变会改变肠道微生物群，导致代谢控制和生理活动的丧失，根据最近的研究，这是一个越来越令人担忧的问题。饮食主要含有高脂肪、高碳水化合物和低纤维含量，是导致肠道菌群失调的诱发因素，从而导致健康问题。与不同的饮食模式相比，含有丰富水果和蔬菜的纯素和素食饮食以抗炎特性和消除肠道菌群失调而著称，从而改善肠道健康。肠道中的微生物可以调节胆固醇代谢、血糖稳态、胰岛素敏感性和许多其他代谢途径；因此，微生物群的失调会导致代谢紊乱，如心血管疾病、2 型糖尿病、肥胖症等。最近的研究进展扩大了对肠道微生物群在调节情绪和行为方面潜力的认识。再生物策略包括通过给予益生菌或益生元增加肠道内微生物的恢复能力来治疗微生物组相关疾病。因此，在过去的几十年里，益生菌和益生元提供的健康益处一直是深入研究的重点。精神益生菌也是一种新兴的新型抗抑郁疗法，它通过应用可以通过肠 - 脑轴相互作用的益生菌来影响对精神状况的控制。本综述旨在审查评估饮食对体内平衡和宿主身体健康影响的最新研究，特别提到肠道微生物群的重要性及其对生态失调的调节。
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