Prior to the 1950s, weeds were controlled by a wide variety of mechanical and cultural methods with limited use of inorganic chemicals at very high rates (100s kg ha^–1). With the advent of selective carbon-based herbicides in the 1950s, herbicide weed management became the norm throughout much of the world, using grams to a few kilograms of active ingredient per hectare. However, with the benefits, there are problems. A few resistant weeds were recognized in the 1970s, but in 2021, 521 unique cases of resistance have been documented throughout the world. It is imperative for farmers to rethink the herbicide paradigm and for researchers to explore and provide alternative weed management methods so that today's herbicides maintain efficacy and benefits into the future. Near-term management strategies include going back to more integrated approaches, using mechanical techniques, and linking to new technologies to hit weeds with “many little hammers” rather than the “sledge hammer” of one or multiple herbicides.

中文翻译：

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全球农业的近期挑战：抗除草剂杂草

在 1950 年代之前，杂草是通过多种机械和栽培方法控制的，无机化学品的使用率非常高（100s kg ha ^–1）。随着 1950 年代选择性碳基除草剂的出现，除草剂杂草管理成为世界大部分地区的规范，每公顷使用克到几公斤的活性成分。然而，有了好处，也有问题。1970 年代发现了一些抗性杂草，但到 2021 年，全世界记录了 521 例独特的抗性杂草。农民必须重新思考除草剂范式，研究人员必须探索和提供替代的杂草管理方法，以便今天的除草剂在未来保持功效和益处。近期的管理策略包括回到更综合的方法，使用机械技术，并与新技术联系起来，用“许多小锤子”而不是一种或多种除草剂的“大锤”来打击杂草。