The design requirements of the Fourier transform optical system required for synthetic aperture radar(SAR) are analyzed and the specific optical parameters are determined. The design of the Fourier lens adopts a fully symmetrical structure to avoid simultaneous optimization of the forward and reverse directions of the optical path and can complete the correction of the conjugate positional aberrations of the two pairs of object images. A Fourier lens composed of four spherical mirrors was designed and reached the diffraction limit. To verify that the optical lens can realize the Fourier transform, a 4f optical system was built in the laboratory using the lens. First, the 4f system built by the optical element was demonstrated to be able to process the signal by demodulating a one-dimensional linear frequency modulation(LFM) signal. Then, the echo signal of the SAR point target is demodulated, Fourier transform is realized by the lens, and the imaging of SAR single point target signal is completed, which plays a role in the practical application of the fully symmetrical Fourier optical lens.

分析了合成孔径雷达（SAR）所需的傅里叶变换光学系统的设计要求，确定了具体的光学参数。傅立叶透镜的设计采用全对称结构，避免光路正反方向同时优化，可以完成两对物像共轭位置像差的校正。设计了由四个球面镜组成的傅立叶透镜并达到了衍射极限。为验证光学透镜能否实现傅里叶变换，实验室利用该透镜搭建了4f光学系统。首先，由光学元件构建的 4f 系统被证明能够通过解调一维线性频率调制 (LFM) 信号来处理信号。然后，