Land surface albedo, as an essential biophysical factor, plays an essential role in surface energy balance. Identifying environmental drivers of albedo in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) helps to understand the role of the “third pole” in responding to environmental change and regulating regional climate. Based on remotely sensed data of albedo, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), snow cover, and soil moisture, this study investigated the effects of land cover (i.e., vegetation, snow) and soil on albedo from the perspectives of spatial, temporal, and spectral (visible, near-infrared, and shortwave) changes of albedo. Generally, changes in shortwave (SW) albedo were primarily driven by changes in snow cover during the growing season (from May to September), predominantly in May and June. The NDVI had larger contributions to visible (VIS) albedo change and was identified as the foremost important driver for VIS albedo in July and August. The correlations between the near-infrared (NIR) albedo and NDVI were positive in the mid- and late growing season in eastern TP. Soil moisture was negatively correlated with albedo throughout the growing season and was identified as the foremost important driver in August. The NIR albedo was more susceptible than the VIS albedo to changes in soil moisture. The correlations between NDVI and albedo varied across different categories of aridity caused by changing correlations between NIR albedo and NDVI along the aridity gradients, and consequently the VIS and NIR albedo counterbalance can further limit the contributions of vegetation greenness on SW albedo in sub-humid and humid region. Our findings are expected to improve understandings of energy budget simulations over TP region in land surface models.

地表反照率作为一种重要的生物物理因子，在地表能量平衡中起着至关重要的作用。识别青藏高原反照率的环境驱动因素有助于理解“第三极”在应对环境变化和调节区域气候方面的作用。本研究基于反照率、归一化差异植被指数（NDVI）、积雪和土壤水分的遥感数据，从空间、时间、反照率的光谱（可见光、近红外和短波）变化。一般来说，短波（SW）反照率的变化主要是由生长季节（从 5 月到 9 月）积雪变化的驱动，主要是在 5 月和 6 月。NDVI对可见光（VIS）反照率变化的贡献更大，并且在7月和8月被确定为VIS反照率的最重要驱动因素。青藏高原东部生长季中后期近红外（NIR）反照率与NDVI呈正相关。土壤水分在整个生长季节与反照率呈负相关，并被确定为 8 月份最重要的驱动因素。NIR 反照率比 VIS 反照率更容易受到土壤水分变化的影响。NDVI 和反照率之间的相关性在不同干旱类别中有所不同，这是由于 NIR 反照率和 NDVI 之间的相关性沿干旱梯度发生变化，因此 VIS 和 NIR 反照率平衡可以进一步限制植被绿度对半湿润和半湿润地区 SW 反照率的贡献。潮湿地区。