Armed conflicts are a pervasive global threat, but their implications for wildlife conservation remain unclear. Using a 30-year spatial dataset of armed conflicts in conjunction with species range maps, we found that conflicts during 1989–2018 occurred within at least 4291 (78%) and 9056 (85%) terrestrial mammal and bird species ranges, respectively. For 4% overall and 5–7% of threatened species, conflicts within ranges have been both widespread (≥50% of range) and frequent (≥15 years). Further, an examination of International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List assessments revealed that ranges overlap with armed conflicts is associated with declining population trends of threatened species and distinct species threat portfolios in which hunting and habitat loss and degradation are more prominent. Our findings call for greater recognition and understanding of direct and indirect threats from armed conflicts in species conservation assessments and underscore the importance of addressing conflict resiliency in conservation plans for a wide suite of species.

中文翻译：

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哺乳动物和鸟类物种范围与武装冲突和相关的保护威胁重叠

武装冲突是普遍存在的全球威胁，但其对野生动物保护的影响仍不清楚。使用 30 年的武装冲突空间数据集和物种范围图，我们发现 1989-2018 年期间的冲突分别发生在至少 4291（78%）和 9056（85%）个陆地哺乳动物和鸟类物种范围内。对于 4% 的总体和 5-7% 的受威胁物种，范围内的冲突既广泛（≥ 50% 的范围）又频繁（≥ 15 年）。此外，对国际自然保护联盟红色名录评估的研究表明，与武装冲突重叠的范围与受威胁物种的种群下降趋势和独特的物种威胁组合有关，其中狩猎和栖息地丧失和退化更为突出。