The assessment of effective and affordable restoration interventions is pivotal to developing new tools to mitigate habitat loss and enhance natural recovery. Gorgonians create important three-dimensional habitats in the Mediterranean Sea providing several ecosystem services associated with coralligenous reefs. Transplantations of the octocorals Eunicella cavolini, Eunicella singularis, and Paramuricea clavata were carried out at the site impacted by the wreck of the Costa Concordia in 2012. A total of 135 by-caught gorgonians, caught in the gears of local artisanal fishermen or found lying on the seabed by SCUBA divers, were transplanted on impacted coralligenous reefs between 20 and 35 m depth and monitored for 2.5 years. A high survival rate (82.1%) was recorded, with main losses attributable to the detachment of the organisms from the substrate rather than death of the colonies. Eunicella cavolini transplanted colonies and natural colonies used as controls were monitored and showed similar, and seasonally influenced, growth and healing rates. Epibiosis and necrosis events were reported in both transplanted and natural colonies during summer, highlighting the sensitivity of the species to thermal stress. The present study emphasizes the importance of a management framework as a stepping-stone to achieve effective restoration outcomes, including the removal of pressures that caused changes in natural communities and the participation of local stakeholders. The effectiveness of the methods and procedures proposed in this work allowed the restoration activities to continue at a larger scale during summer and autumn 2020.

中文翻译：

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利用渔业副渔获物中的柳珊瑚恢复地中海动物森林

评估有效且负担得起的恢复干预措施对于开发新工具以减轻栖息地丧失和促进自然恢复至关重要。柳珊瑚在地中海创造了重要的三维栖息地，提供了与珊瑚礁相关的多种生态系统服务。八角珊瑚 Eunicella cavolini、Eunicella singleis和Paramuricea clavata的移植于 2012 年在哥斯达黎加协和号沉船影响的地点进行。共有 135 只被当地手工渔民的渔具捕获或由 SCUBA 潜水员发现躺在海底的柳珊瑚被移植到受影响的珊瑚礁上深度在 20 到 35 m 之间，监测 2.5 年。记录的存活率很高（82.1％），主要损失归因于生物体从基质上的分离，而不是菌落的死亡。Eunicella cavolini移植的菌落和用作对照的天然菌落被监测并显示出相似的、受季节影响的生长和愈合率。在夏季，移植和自然菌落都报告了附生和坏死事件，突出了该物种对热应激的敏感性。本研究强调了管理框架作为实现有效恢复结果的垫脚石的重要性，包括消除导致自然社区变化的压力和当地利益相关者的参与。这项工作中提出的方法和程序的有效性使恢复活动在 2020 年夏季和秋季继续进行更大规模。