This paper presents a voltage differencing current conveyor (VDCC) based voltage-mode (VM) proportional integral derivative (PID) controller for the first time. The proposed VM PID controller consists of a single VDCC, four resistors, and two grounded capacitors. The proposed circuit employs a minimum number of passive components and does not require any passive element matching condition. The proposed circuit can realize both non-inverting and inverting VM PID controller transfer functions simultaneously. The control parameters can be adjusted electronically. The sensitivity of the control parameters has been examined for ideal and non-ideal conditions. Besides, the effects of parasitic impedances on the operating frequency limits have been investigated in non-ideal conditions. Simulation results have been performed with the LTspice program using TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS technology parameters. The total power dissipation of the proposed PID controller is 1.06 mW. Monte Carlo and temperature analyses have been carried out to validate the robustness of the proposed circuit. A closed-loop control system application is given to demonstrate the functionality of the proposed controller. Additionally, a comparison of the proposed VM PID controller with the relevant circuits previously published in the literature is presented.

本文首次提出了基于电压模式 (VM) 比例积分微分 (PID) 控制器的电压差分电流传送器 (VDCC)。建议的 VM PID 控制器由单个 VDCC、四个电阻器和两个接地电容器组成。所提出的电路采用最少数量的无源元件并且不需要任何无源元件匹配条件。所提出的电路可以同时实现同相和反相VM PID控制器传递函数。控制参数可以通过电子方式进行调整。已经针对理想和非理想条件检查了控制参数的灵敏度。此外，还研究了非理想条件下寄生阻抗对工作频率限制的影响。仿真结果是通过使用 TSMC 0.18 μm CMOS 技术参数的 LTspice 程序进行的。建议的 PID 控制器的总功耗为 1.06 mW。已经进行了蒙特卡罗和温度分析以验证所提出电路的稳健性。给出了一个闭环控制系统应用程序来演示所提出的控制器的功能。此外，还介绍了所提出的 VM PID 控制器与先前发表在文献中的相关电路的比较。给出了一个闭环控制系统应用程序来演示所提出的控制器的功能。此外，还介绍了所提出的 VM PID 控制器与先前发表在文献中的相关电路的比较。给出了一个闭环控制系统应用程序来演示所提出的控制器的功能。此外，还介绍了所提出的 VM PID 控制器与先前发表在文献中的相关电路的比较。