Disasters are catastrophic events that can severely affect the life conditions of entire communities. Disaster-related issues are usually dealt with according to the Disaster Operations Management framework, which is composed of four phases: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. This work focuses on two crucial operations belonging to the response phase: shelter location and evacuation of endangered populations. Specifically, the ultimate scope of this paper is to present some applications of a scenario-based mixed-integer two-stage linear program which integrates shelter location with two different types of evacuation, self- (or car-based) evacuation and supported- (or bus-based) evacuation, namely the Scenario-Indexed Shelter Location and Evacuation Routing (SISLER) model. The SISLER model is solved using an off-the-shelf optimization software, whose performance is improved through the addition of some valid inequalities which are added at the root node of the solution tree to improve the lower bound. Computational results are reported for both testbed instances and a realistic case study (Sioux Falls network). The analysis of the solutions provides some useful managerial insights for relevant stakeholders working within the shelter location and evacuation planning area, such as emergency management practitioners and public service providers.

中文翻译：

---

用于避难所位置和疏散路线的集成用户系统方法

灾害是灾难性事件，可以严重影响整个社区的生活条件。与灾害相关的问题通常根据灾害运营管理框架进行处理，该框架由四个阶段组成：缓解、准备、响应和恢复。这项工作侧重于属于响应阶段的两个关键操作：避难所位置和濒危人群疏散。具体而言，本文的最终范围是展示基于场景的混合整数两阶段线性程序的一些应用，该程序将避难所位置与两种不同类型的疏散、自我（或基于汽车的）疏散和支持-（或基于总线）疏散，即情景索引避难所位置和疏散路线 (SISLER) 模型。SISLER 模型是使用现成的优化软件求解的，通过在解树的根节点添加一些有效的不等式来提高下界，从而提高了其性能。报告了测试台实例和实际案例研究（Sioux Falls 网络）的计算结果。解决方案的分析为在避难所位置和疏散规划区域内工作的相关利益相关者（例如应急管理从业人员和公共服务提供者）提供了一些有用的管理见解。报告了测试台实例和实际案例研究（Sioux Falls 网络）的计算结果。解决方案的分析为在避难所位置和疏散规划区域内工作的相关利益相关者（例如应急管理从业人员和公共服务提供者）提供了一些有用的管理见解。报告了测试台实例和实际案例研究（Sioux Falls 网络）的计算结果。解决方案的分析为在避难所位置和疏散规划区域内工作的相关利益相关者（例如应急管理从业人员和公共服务提供者）提供了一些有用的管理见解。