Scholars and policymakers working on non-state climate action have tended to focus on functional considerations, largely neglecting questions of ideology. This article brings them into the spotlight by investigating how ideology affects climate action initiatives. Based on a new database of 389 projects associated with reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, the article examines how ideology affects project design and partnering. A quantitative analysis and four case studies of projects in Colombia and Peru show how environmental ideology shapes the preferences of project developers for project designs and partners. Two mechanisms that underlie this are also derived. The findings show how a focus on ideology can help open the black box of climate action initiatives and explain their substantive variation. They also offer insights into the ideological implications of the transnationalization of climate governance. Non-state climate action at once entrenches the neoliberal ideological status quo of climate politics and offers critical ideologies a foothold. This poses risks for the future effectiveness and legitimacy of non-state climate action and should be considered in the design of the emerging institutional architecture that supports it. This article also sets a platform for and outlines the contours of a future research agenda on ideology in climate action.

从事非国家气候行动的学者和政策制定者倾向于关注功能性考虑，而在很大程度上忽略了意识形态问题。本文通过调查意识形态如何影响气候行动倡议，将它们置于聚光灯下。基于与减少森林砍伐和森林退化所致排放量相关的 389 个项目的新数据库，本文研究了意识形态如何影响项目设计和合作。哥伦比亚和秘鲁项目的定量分析和四个案例研究展示了环境意识形态如何影响项目开发商对项目设计和合作伙伴的偏好。还导出了作为此基础的两种机制。研究结果表明，关注意识形态如何有助于打开气候行动倡议的黑匣子并解释它们的实质性变化。他们还提供了对气候治理跨国化的意识形态影响的见解。非国家气候行动立即巩固了气候政治的新自由主义意识形态现状，并为批判意识形态提供了立足点。这对非国家气候行动的未来有效性和合法性构成风险，应在设计支持它的新兴制度架构时加以考虑。本文还为未来气候行动意识形态研究议程设置了一个平台并概述了其轮廓。这对非国家气候行动的未来有效性和合法性构成风险，应在设计支持它的新兴制度架构时加以考虑。本文还为未来的气候行动意识形态研究议程设置了一个平台并概述了其轮廓。这对非国家气候行动的未来有效性和合法性构成风险，应在设计支持它的新兴制度架构时加以考虑。本文还为未来气候行动意识形态研究议程设置了一个平台并概述了其轮廓。