This article presents an efficient methodology for the calibration and validation of a numerical model of a freight wagon based on a dynamic test under real operation conditions. The dynamic test takes place during a regular journey of the train and involved the installation of on-board accelerometers and LVDTs, whose number and location was conditioned by the space occupied by the goods and constraints associated with loading and unloading the wagon. The data derived from the dynamic test was used for the identification of carbody's modal parameters, namely the frequencies, mode shapes and damping coefficients and to extract accelerations and displacements time-histories. A three-dimensional (3D) FE numerical model of the freight wagon was developed and calibrated using a genetic algorithm. The methodology proves efficiency and robustness in precisely estimating three numerical parameters, besides a significant upgrade in relation to the model before calibration. Model validation involved the comparison between numerically simulated results, based on a vehicle-track dynamic interaction analysis, and the experimental observations. An excellent agreement between experimental and numerical after updating time-histories was obtained, especially for the carbody responses, whose behaviour is governed by lower frequencies (below 3.5 Hz), in which the calibration process was focused.

本文提出了一种基于真实运行条件下动态测试的货车数值模型校准和验证的有效方法。动态测试在火车的正常行程中进行，涉及安装车载加速度计和 LVDT，其数量和位置取决于货物占用的空间以及与装卸货车相关的限制条件。动态测试的数据用于识别车身的模态参数，即频率、振型和阻尼系数，并提取加速度和位移时间历程。使用遗传算法开发和校准货车的三维 (3D) 有限元数值模型。该方法证明了在精确估计三个数值参数方面的效率和稳健性，此外还对校准前的模型进行了重大升级。模型验证涉及基于车辆-轨道动态相互作用分析的数值模拟结果与实验观察结果之间的比较。在更新时间历程后，实验和数值之间获得了极好的一致性，特别是对于车身响应，其行为受较低频率（低于 3.5 Hz）控制，其中校准过程是重点。和实验观察。在更新时间历程后，实验和数值之间获得了极好的一致性，特别是对于车身响应，其行为受较低频率（低于 3.5 Hz）控制，其中校准过程是重点。和实验观察。在更新时间历程后，实验和数值之间获得了极好的一致性，特别是对于车身响应，其行为受较低频率（低于 3.5 Hz）控制，其中校准过程是重点。