A sporadic-E (Es) layer is generally associated with a thin-layered structure present in the lower ionosphere, mostly consisting of metallic ions. This metallic ion layer is formed when meteors burn in the upper atmosphere, resulting in the deposition of free metal atoms and ions. Many studies have attributed the presence of the Es layer to the metallic ion layer, specifically when the layer is observed during the nighttime. Using data from a network of meteor monitoring towers and a collocated digital ionosonde radar near the Arabian Peninsula, in this paper, we report our observations of Es layer occurrences together with the meteor count. The trend of monthly averages of Es layer intensity shows a maximum in late spring and early summer months and a minimum in winter months, whereas the meteor counts were highest in winter months and lowest in spring and early summer months. This shows that the presence of the Es layer and the meteor counts have no correlation in time, both diurnally and seasonally. This leads us to conclude that the presence of meteors is not the main cause of the presence of the Es layer over the Arabian Peninsula.

中文翻译：

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流星通量对阿拉伯半岛零星-E（Es）层发生的贡献

零星-E (Es) 层通常与低层电离层中存在的薄层结构有关，主要由金属离子组成。这种金属离子层是流星在高层大气中燃烧时形成的，导致游离金属原子和离子的沉积。许多研究将 Es 层的存在归因于金属离子层，特别是在夜间观察到该层时。在本文中，我们使用来自阿拉伯半岛附近的流星监测塔网络和并置的数字电离探空仪雷达的数据，报告了我们对 Es 层发生的观察以及流星计数。Es层强度月均值趋势在春末夏初最大，冬季最小，而流星数在冬季最高，春季和初夏最低。这表明 Es 层的存在与流星数量在时间上没有相关性，无论是昼夜还是季节。这使我们得出结论，流星的存在并不是阿拉伯半岛上空出现 Es 层的主要原因。