Abstract. Recent years have seen early instrumental observations play an increasingly important role in climate research, allowing past daily-to-decadal climate variability and weather extremes to be explored in greater detail. The 18th century saw the formation of several short-lived meteorological networks of which the one organised by the Societas Meteorologica Palatina is arguably the most well-known. This network stood out as one of those few that efficiently managed to control its members, integrating, refining and publishing measurements taken from numerous stations around Europe and beyond. Although much has been written about the network in both history, science, and individual prominent series used for climatological studies, the actual measurements have not yet been digitised and published in extenso. This paper represents an important step towards filling this perceived gap in research. Here we provide an inventory listing the availability of observed variables for the 37 stations that belonged to the Society's network and discuss their historical context. Most of these observations have been digitised and a considerable fraction has been converted and formatted. In this paper we focus on the temperature and pressure measurements, which have been corrected and homogenised. We then demonstrate their potential for climate research by analysing two cases of extreme weather. The recovered series will have wide applications and could contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms behind climatic variations and extremes, as well as the societal reactions to adverse weather. Even the shorter series could be ingested into reanalyses and improve the quality of large scale reconstructions.

中文翻译：

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从 Societas Meteorologica Palatina (1781–1792) 解锁天气观测

摘要。近年来，早期仪器观测在气候研究中发挥着越来越重要的作用，可以更详细地探索过去每天到十年间的气候变率和极端天气。18 世纪形成了几个短暂的气象网络，其中一个由Societas Meteorologica Palatina组织可以说是最知名的。该网络是少数几个能够有效控制其成员、整合、改进和发布从欧洲及其他地区的众多站点采集的测量数据的网络之一。尽管在历史、科学和用于气候学研究的个别突出系列中已经有很多关于网络的文章，但实际测量值尚未被数字化并以全文形式发表。这篇论文代表了填补这一研究空白的重要一步。在这里，我们提供了一份清单，列出了属于该协会网络的 37 个站点的观测变量的可用性，并讨论了它们的历史背景。这些观测中的大部分已被数字化，相当一部分已被转换和格式化。在本文中，我们专注于温度和压力测量，它们已经过校正和均质化。然后，我们通过分析两个极端天气案例来证明它们在气候研究方面的潜力。恢复的系列将具有广泛的应用，有助于更好地了解气候变化和极端事件背后的机制，以及社会对不利天气的反应。即使是较短的系列也可以用于重新分析并提高大规模重建的质量。恢复的系列将具有广泛的应用，有助于更好地了解气候变化和极端事件背后的机制，以及社会对不利天气的反应。即使是较短的系列也可以用于重新分析并提高大规模重建的质量。恢复的系列将具有广泛的应用，有助于更好地了解气候变化和极端事件背后的机制，以及社会对不利天气的反应。即使是较短的系列也可以用于重新分析并提高大规模重建的质量。