The present studies examined the conditions under which low subjective socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with greater racial/ethnic prejudice among White Americans. Using theories of intergroup threat and inclusive victim consciousness, we predicted that describing racial/ethnic minorities as disadvantaged (vs. as competitive or in neutral terms) would increase empathy and reduce prejudice among White Americans who consider themselves low in SES. Study 1 provided correlational evidence that White Americans who perceived themselves as low-SES (but not high-SES) were less prejudiced against racial/ethnic minorities the more they perceived minorities as disadvantaged. In Study 2, portraying the target outgroup (Arab immigrants) as disadvantaged increased outgroup empathy, and in turn reduced prejudice, among participants induced to think of themselves as low-SES. Study 3 conceptually replicated these results using a different outgroup (Mexican Americans) and a behavioral measure of prejudice. Implications for reducing prejudice among White Americans of different socioeconomic backgrounds are discussed.

中文翻译：

---

共同劣势是美国白人社会经济地位与种族/民族偏见之间关系的决定因素

本研究检查了低主观社会经济地位 (SES) 与美国白人之间更大的种族/民族偏见相关的条件。使用群体间威胁和包容性受害者意识的理论，我们预测将种族/少数民族描述为处于不利地位（相对于竞争性或中性术语）将增加自认为社会经济地位低的美国白人的同理心并减少偏见。研究 1 提供的相关证据表明，自认为是低社会经济地位（但不是高社会经济地位）的美国白人越是认为少数族裔处于不利地位，他们对种族/族裔少数群体的偏见就越少。在研究 2 中，将目标外群体（阿拉伯移民）描绘为弱势群体，增加了外群体的同理心，进而减少了偏见，在被诱导认为自己是低 SES 的参与者中。研究 3 使用不同的外群（墨西哥裔美国人）和偏见的行为测量在概念上复制了这些结果。讨论了减少不同社会经济背景的美国白人之间的偏见的影响。