Surface and secreted glycoproteins are essential to cells and regulate many extracellular events. Because of the diversity of glycans, the low abundance of many glycoproteins, and the complexity of biological samples, a system-wide investigation of extracellular glycoproteins is a daunting task. With the development of modern mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, comprehensive analysis of different protein modifications including glycosylation has advanced dramatically. This review focuses on the investigation of extracellular glycoproteins using MS-based proteomics. We first discuss the methods for selectively enriching surface glycoproteins and investigating protein interactions on the cell surface, followed by the application of MS-based proteomics for surface glycoprotein dynamics analysis and biomarker discovery. We then summarize the methods to comprehensively study secreted glycoproteins by integrating various enrichment approaches with MS-based proteomics and their applications for global analysis of secreted glycoproteins in different biological samples. Collectively, MS significantly expands our knowledge of extracellular glycoproteins and enables us to identify extracellular glycoproteins as potential biomarkers for disease detection and drug targets for disease treatment.

中文翻译：

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使用质谱法系统表征细胞外糖蛋白


表面和分泌的糖蛋白对于细胞至关重要并调节许多细胞外事件。由于聚糖的多样性、许多糖蛋白的丰度低以及生物样品的复杂性，对细胞外糖蛋白的全系统研究是一项艰巨的任务。随着基于现代质谱 (MS) 的蛋白质组学的发展，对包括糖基化在内的不同蛋白质修饰的综合分析取得了巨大进展。本综述重点关注使用基于 MS 的蛋白质组学对细胞外糖蛋白的研究。我们首先讨论选择性富集表面糖蛋白和研究细胞表面蛋白质相互作用的方法，然后应用基于质谱的蛋白质组学进行表面糖蛋白动力学分析和生物标志物发现。然后，我们总结了通过将各种富集方法与基于 MS 的蛋白质组学相结合来全面研究分泌糖蛋白的方法及其在不同生物样品中分泌糖蛋白的全局分析中的应用。总的来说，MS 显着扩展了我们对细胞外糖蛋白的了解，并使我们能够将细胞外糖蛋白识别为疾病检测的潜在生物标志物和疾病治疗的药物靶标。