ABSTRACT

Neoliberalism has had substantial resonance in Moroccan governance in the past few decades. Neoliberalism has occasioned a wide-ranging reconstitution of profit accumulation, politics, society, and the individual ‘citizen’ not least as part of the construction of a new collective common sense. The contention of this paper is that Moroccan language policy/politics is articulated amidst this neoliberal capture. It unfolds in a discursive and institutional environment characterized by uneven, dispersed but dense topographies of neoliberalization, in turn carved up by the political rationalities of state-sanctioned capital accumulation, reproduction and governmentality. While tokenistically congenial to linguistic pluralism, the Moroccan language regime espouses a marked neoliberal reconfiguration of language and multilingualism. The Moroccan language regime appears to have congealed into a neoliberal linguistic consensus predicated on neoliberal multilingualism, a stratified matrix of linguistic differentiation informed by the ideologies and structures of neoliberal political economy and practices of power. Embedded in this regime is linguistic governmentality, the linguistically sanctioned nurturing of neoliberal subjectivity couched within the coordinates of performativity and the neoliberal discursive assortments of human capital, the knowledge economy, employability and lifelong learning. This paper attempts to sketch the lineaments of this evolving linguistic regime with a view to rendering visible the spaces of interplay between neoliberal governance and language politics. The paper concludes with a reflection on the implications for the analysis of potential permutations of neoliberalism under Covid-19.

摘要

过去几十年来，新自由主义在摩洛哥治理中产生了巨大的反响。新自由主义引发了利润积累、政治、社会和个体“公民”的广泛重构，尤其是作为新集体常识构建的一部分。本文的论点是，摩洛哥的语言政策/政治是在这种新自由主义的捕获中阐明的。它是在一个话语和制度环境中展开的，其特点是新自由主义化的不均匀、分散但密集的地形，而新自由主义化的地形又被国家认可的资本积累、再生产和治理的政治理性所分割。虽然表面上与语言多元化相一致，但摩洛哥的语言制度却支持明显的新自由主义对语言和多语言的重新配置。摩洛哥的语言制度似乎已经凝结成一种以新自由主义多语言为基础的新自由主义语言共识，这是一个由新自由主义政治经济的意识形态和结构以及权力实践所影响的语言分化的分层矩阵。这一制度的根基是语言治理，即在表演性和新自由主义话语分类的人力资本、知识经济、就业能力和终身学习的坐标中表达的新自由主义主体性的语言认可培育。本文试图勾画这一不断演变的语言政权的轮廓，以期使新自由主义治理与语言政治之间相互作用的空间变得可见。