The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of pelletized iron-modified diatomite as heterogeneous Fenton catalyst for the removal of carbamazepine, clindamycin, gemfibrozil, ketoprofen, florfenicol, and sulfamethazine, and to compare its performance in fixed and fluidized bed reactor configurations. The prepared catalyst pellets were characterized by XRD, SEM, ED-XRF, BET, and compression strength analysis. Applying a Taguchi L₉ design of experiments, the oxidation of a mixture of six common pharmaceuticals was studied under different operating conditions (initial pH, particle size, space time, and H₂O₂ initial concentration) for both reactor configurations. Under the best operating conditions, overall pharmaceutical degradations by the Fenton reaction were 32.6 % and 31.8 % in the fluidized and fixed bed reactors, respectively. Among the analyzed pharmaceuticals, clindamycin was the one presenting the highest removal (88.8 % fixed, 89.7 % fluidized), followed by gemfibrozil (70.4 % fixed, 100 % fluidized), ketoprofen (36.2 % fixed, 35.1 % fluidized), carbamazepine (19.0 % fixed, 21.1 % fluidized), sulfamethazine (18.1 % fixed, 21.1 % fluidized), and florfenicol (4.6 % fixed, 7.0 % fluidized). The initial pH was the most sensitive variable, presenting the best performance at pH 3. After 10 h of operation, the catalyst suffered a 27.9 % decrease in its activity when operated in the fixed bed reactor, whereas in the fluidized bed reactor its deactivation was 52.1 %. The catalyst was also evaluated in a real wastewater matrix, showing basically the same activity as in synthetic wastewater; TOC overall removal was 31 % for the fixed bed and 36 % for the fluidized bed reactor. Finally, the electrical energy per order (EEO) consumed in both reactors was calculated to compare their energy efficiency; the fixed bed configuration presented the lowest value (1.01 Wh/m³/order), suggesting that this is a more energy-efficient configuration for commercial wastewater treatment applications.

本研究的目的是评估使用球状铁改性硅藻土作为多相芬顿催化剂去除卡马西平、克林霉素、吉非贝齐、酮洛芬、氟苯尼考和磺胺二甲嘧啶，并比较其在固定床和流化床反应器配置中的性能。通过XRD、SEM、ED-XRF、BET和抗压强度分析对制备的催化剂颗粒进行表征。应用田口 L ₉实验设计，研究了六种常见药物混合物在不同操作条件（初始 pH 值、粒径、时空和 H ₂ O ₂初始浓度）两种反应器配置。在最佳操作条件下，流化床和固定床反应器中芬顿反应的总体药物降解率分别为 32.6% 和 31.8%。在分析的药物中，克林霉素去除率最高（88.8 % 固定，89.7 % 流化），其次是吉非贝齐（70.4 % 固定，100 % 流化）、酮洛芬（36.2 % 固定、35.1 % 流化）、卡马西平（19. % 固定，21.1 % 流化）、磺胺二甲嘧啶（18.1 % 固定，21.1 % 流化）和氟苯尼考（4.6 % 固定，7.0 % 流化）。初始 pH 是最敏感的变量，在 pH 3 时表现最佳。运行 10 小时后，催化剂在固定床反应器中运行时活性下降 27.9%，而在流化床反应器中，其失活率为 52.1%。该催化剂还在实际废水基质中进行了评估，显示出与合成废水基本相同的活性；固定床的 TOC 总去除率为 31%，流化床反应器为 36%。最后，计算了两个反应堆消耗的每订单电能 (EEO) 以比较它们的能源效率；固定床配置呈现最低值 (1.01 Wh/m³ /order），表明这是商业废水处理应用的更节能配置。