A new method of spatially resolved single-shot absorption spectroscopy for an x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) pulse has been developed by using a dispersive spectrometer and an elliptical mirror to enhance the spatial resolution. As a demonstration, we performed x-ray absorption near-edge structure measurement of Cu with a pump–probe scheme combining an XFEL pulse and a high-power femtosecond laser pulse. In the experiment, changes of an absorption spectrum in a plasma generated with a laser shot were successfully observed. The method will be a powerful tool for experiments requiring a spatial resolution and/or a single-shot measurement, such as high energy density science using a high-power laser pulse.

中文翻译：

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空间分辨单次吸收光谱与 X 射线自由电子激光脉冲

通过使用色散光谱仪和椭圆镜来提高空间分辨率，开发了一种用于 X 射线自由电子激光 (XFEL) 脉冲的空间分辨单次吸收光谱的新方法。作为演示，我们使用结合 XFEL 脉冲和高功率飞秒激光脉冲的泵浦探针方案对 Cu 进行了 X 射线吸收近边结构测量。在实验中，成功观察到激光发射产生的等离子体中吸收光谱的变化。该方法将成为需要空间分辨率和/或单次测量的实验的强大工具，例如使用高功率激光脉冲的高能量密度科学。