Computational models are capable of simulating the expected thermal response of biological tissue to laser irradiation. A typical laser tissue model accounts for optical energy deposition, heat transfer, and damage assessment, with the latter often represented by calculation of the Arrhenius integral. Previous studies have successfully employed these methods to predict skin damage thresholds at laser wavelengths with high absorption in water, and usually for single continuous-wave exposures. However, there remains a need for a robust and accurate predictive model in low-absorption, high-scattering cases, such as for exposures in the near-infrared region near 1000 nm. This study presents a framework for modeling laser irradiation of skin tissue at 1070 nm for both continuous-wave and pulsed exposures with durations ranging from 10⁻² to 10¹ s. The authors derive an optical absorption coefficient for the epidermis that agrees with expected chromophore distribution and report the modeled skin thermal responses alongside surface thermography data from in vivo porcine exposures as validation of simulation accuracy. Comparisons of modeled damage thresholds calculated by the Arrhenius integral with documented experimentally determined minimum visible lesion ED₅₀ data exhibit a high degree of agreement. The authors also provide new Arrhenius rate process coefficients of A = 2.74 × 10⁹⁴ s⁻¹ and E_a = 5.90 × 10⁵ J/mol, determined from experimental thermal profiles with a unique method, that demonstrate more accurate threshold predictions than those used in previous modeling studies. The techniques outlined by this study provide a useful tool in assessing potentially hazardous near-infrared laser exposure scenarios.

中文翻译：

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1070 nm 连续波和多脉冲猪皮肤激光照射的计算建模和损伤阈值预测

计算模型能够模拟生物组织对激光照射的预期热响应。典型的激光组织模型考虑了光能沉积、热传递和损伤评估，后者通常由 Arrhenius 积分的计算表示。先前的研究已成功地采用这些方法来预测在水中具有高吸收率的激光波长下的皮肤损伤阈值，并且通常用于单次连续波曝光。然而，在低吸收、高散射情况下仍然需要一个强大而准确的预测模型，例如在 1000 nm 附近的近红外区域中的曝光。本研究提出了一个框架，用于模拟 1070 nm 的皮肤组织激光照射，用于连续波和脉冲照射，持续时间范围为 10⁻²至 10 ¹ 秒。作者得出了表皮的光学吸收系数，该系数与预期的生色团分布相符，并报告了模型化的皮肤热响应以及来自体内猪暴露的表面热成像数据，以验证模拟的准确性。由 Arrhenius 积分计算的建模损伤阈值与记录的实验确定的最小可见病变 ED ₅₀数据的比较显示出高度的一致性。作者还提供了新的阿伦尼乌斯速率过程系数A  = 2.74 × 10 ⁹⁴  s ^-1和E _a  = 5.90 × 10 ⁵ J/mol，使用独特的方法从实验热剖面确定，证明比以前的建模研究中使用的阈值预测更准确。本研究概述的技术为评估潜在危险的近红外激光照射场景提供了有用的工具。