Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies and data science have facilitated the development of precision medicine to treat cancer patients. Synthetic lethality is one of the core methodologies employed in precision cancer medicine. Synthetic lethality describes the phenomenon of the interplay between two genes in which deficiency of a single gene does not abolish cell viability but combined deficiency of two genes leads to cell death. In cancer treatment, synthetic lethality is leveraged to exploit the dependency of cancer cells on a pathway that is essential for cell survival when a tumor suppressor is mutated. This approach enables pharmacological targeting of mutant tumor suppressors that are theoretically undruggable. Successful clinical introduction of BRCA-PARP synthetic lethality in cancer treatment led to additional discoveries of novel synthetic lethal partners of other tumor suppressors, including p53, PTEN, and RB1, using high-throughput screening. Recent work has highlighted aurora kinase A (AURKA) as a synthetic lethal partner of multiple tumor suppressors. AURKA is a serine/threonine kinase involved in a number of central biological processes, such as the G2/M transition, mitotic spindle assembly, and DNA replication. This review introduces synthetic lethal interactions between AURKA and its tumor suppressor partners and discusses the potential of AURKA inhibitors in precision cancer medicine.

高通量测序技术和数据科学的最新进展促进了治疗癌症患者的精准医学的发展。综合致死率是精准癌症医学中采用的核心方法之一。综合致死性描述了两个基因之间相互作用的现象，其中单个基因的缺陷不会消除细胞活力，但两个基因的联合缺陷会导致细胞死亡。在癌症治疗中，利用合成致死作用来利用癌细胞对肿瘤抑制因子突变时细胞生存所必需的途径的依赖性。这种方法能够对理论上无法成药的突变肿瘤抑制因子进行药理学靶向。在癌症治疗中成功将 BRCA-PARP 合成致死作用引入临床，通过高通量筛选，进一步发现了其他肿瘤抑制因子（包括 p53、PTEN 和 RB1）的新型合成致死伙伴。最近的工作强调极光激酶 A (AURKA) 作为多种肿瘤抑制因子的合成致死伙伴。 AURKA 是一种丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶，参与许多核心生物过程，例如 G2/M 转变、有丝分裂纺锤体组装和 DNA 复制。这篇综述介绍了 AURKA 与其肿瘤抑制伙伴之间的合成致死相互作用，并讨论了 AURKA 抑制剂在精准癌症医学中的潜力。