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Tracing the Fate of Pollen Substitute Patties in Western Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Colonies
Journal of Economic Entomology ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-14 , DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab083
Emily R Noordyke 1 , Edzard van Santen 2 , James D Ellis 1
Affiliation  

Commercial beekeepers need healthy, productive honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies, even when the landscape lacks adequate pollen forage to sustain the colonies. As a result, many commercial beekeepers spend significant money and labor on the use of pollen substitutes in their colonies. However, there is little consensus in the literature about the benefits and drawbacks of pollen substitute use on honey bee colony health. In order to understand this critically, it is important to know first how honey bees distribute pollen substitute patties throughout their colonies. We traced the fate of three commercially available pollen substitute patties (MegaBee, UltraBee, AP23) dyed with a nontoxic food coloring (Brilliant Blue FCF) and undyed as negative controls, a dyed positive control (fondant), and a dyed consumption control (Crayola Model Magic Clay) in 44 honey bee colonies. Using spectrophotometry and visual inspection, we analyzed adult bee guts, larval guts, bee bread stores and colony debris underneath the hive for presence of the dye. Our data suggest that (1) a proportion of adult bees ingest the patty, (2) adult bees likely do not feed patty directly to larvae, (3) adult bees do not store patty like bee bread, and (4) only a very small proportion of patty is lost as debris. Collectively our data suggest that honey bee colonies use pollen substitute patties. However, patties likely do not replace the function of natural pollen entirely in terms of larval provisioning and long-term storage as bee bread.

中文翻译:

追踪西方蜜蜂(膜翅目:蜜蜂科)群落中花粉替代肉饼的命运

商业养蜂人需要健康、多产的蜜蜂 (Apis mellifera L.) 群落,即使景观缺乏足够的花粉饲料来维持蜂群。结果,许多商业养蜂人花费大量金钱和劳动力在他们的蜂群中使用花粉替代品。然而,关于使用花粉替代品对蜜蜂群体健康的利弊,文献中几乎没有达成共识。为了批判性地理解这一点,重要的是首先要知道蜜蜂是如何在它们的蜂群中分布花粉替代馅饼的。我们追踪了三种市售花粉替代肉饼(MegaBee、UltraBee、AP23)的命运,这些肉饼用无毒食用色素(Brilliant Blue FCF)染色,未染色作为阴性对照,染色阳性对照(软糖),以及 44 个蜜蜂群体中的染色消耗控制(Crayola Model Magic Clay)。使用分光光度法和目视检查,我们分析了蜂巢下方的成年蜜蜂内脏、幼虫内脏、蜜蜂面包店和菌落碎片中是否存在染料。我们的数据表明,(1) 一部分成年蜜蜂会摄取肉饼,(2) 成年蜜蜂可能不会直接将肉饼喂给幼虫,(3) 成年蜜蜂不会像蜜蜂面包那样储存肉饼,以及 (4)一小部分肉饼作为碎片丢失。总的来说,我们的数据表明蜜蜂群使用花粉替代肉饼。然而,就幼虫供应和作为蜜蜂面包的长期储存而言,肉饼可能不会完全取代天然花粉的功能。蜂房下方的蜜蜂面包店和菌落碎片是否存在染料。我们的数据表明,(1) 一部分成年蜜蜂会摄取肉饼,(2) 成年蜜蜂可能不会直接将肉饼喂给幼虫,(3) 成年蜜蜂不会像蜜蜂面包那样储存肉饼,以及 (4)一小部分肉饼作为碎片丢失。总的来说,我们的数据表明蜜蜂群使用花粉替代肉饼。然而,就幼虫供应和作为蜜蜂面包的长期储存而言,肉饼可能不会完全取代天然花粉的功能。蜂房下方的蜜蜂面包店和菌落碎片是否存在染料。我们的数据表明,(1) 一部分成年蜜蜂会摄取肉饼,(2) 成年蜜蜂可能不会直接将肉饼喂给幼虫,(3) 成年蜜蜂不会像蜜蜂面包那样储存肉饼,以及 (4)一小部分肉饼作为碎片丢失。总的来说,我们的数据表明蜜蜂群使用花粉替代肉饼。然而,就幼虫供应和作为蜜蜂面包的长期储存而言,肉饼可能不会完全取代天然花粉的功能。(4) 只有极少比例的肉饼作为碎片丢失。总的来说,我们的数据表明蜜蜂群使用花粉替代肉饼。然而,就幼虫供应和作为蜜蜂面包的长期储存而言,肉饼可能不会完全取代天然花粉的功能。(4) 只有极少比例的肉饼作为碎片丢失。总的来说,我们的数据表明蜜蜂群使用花粉替代肉饼。然而,就幼虫供应和作为蜜蜂面包的长期储存而言,肉饼可能不会完全取代天然花粉的功能。
更新日期:2021-04-14
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