This paper explores the role of formal methods as part of the user-centred design of interactive systems. An iterative process is described, developing prototypes incrementally, proving user-centred requirements while at the same time evaluating the prototypes that are executable forms of the developed models using ‘traditional’ techniques for user evaluation. A formal analysis complements user evaluations. This approach enriches user-centred design that typically focuses understanding on context and producing sketch designs. These sketches are often non-functional (e.g. paper) prototypes. They provide a means of exploring candidate design possibilities using techniques such as cooperative evaluation. This paper describes a further step in the process using formal analysis techniques. The use of formal methods provides a systematic approach to checking plausibility and consistency during early design stages, while at the same time enabling the generation of executable prototypes. The technique is illustrated through an example based on a pill dispenser.

中文翻译：

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在以用户为中心的设计中平衡正式和非正式

本文探讨了形式化方法在以用户为中心的交互系统设计中的作用。描述了一个迭代过程，逐步开发原型，证明以用户为中心的需求，同时使用用于用户评估的“传统”技术评估原型，这些原型是已开发模型的可执行形式。正式的分析补充了用户评估。这种方法丰富了以用户为中心的设计，这些设计通常侧重于对上下文的理解和生成草图设计。这些草图通常是非功能性（例如纸质）原型。它们提供了一种使用合作评估等技术探索候选设计可能性的方法。本文描述了使用形式分析技术的过程中的进一步步骤。形式化方法的使用提供了一种在早期设计阶段检查合理性和一致性的系统方法，同时支持生成可执行原型。该技术通过基于药丸分配器的示例进行说明。