SUMMARY Train traffic has been recognized as a powerful noise source for subsurface imaging and monitoring due to its properties of being strong, economic and repeatable. Compared with the traditional train, the high-speed train (HST) runs faster and generates vibrations that also manifest as periodical signals but with a more striking feature of sharp equidistant spectral lines in the frequency spectrum. Like the vibrations generated by the traditional train, the HST-induced vibrations can be utilized after the retrieval of interstation impulse responses using seismic interferometry. However, little attention has been paid to the characteristics of HST-induced vibrations during seismic interferometry. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of train traffic characteristics on the seismic interferometry method. We first present an alternative derivation of seismic interferometry that is not based on the assumption of uncorrelation between sources at different locations. The derivation is valid for scalar waves in 3-D and for elastic surface waves. After analysing the effects of several HST-related factors, including HST moving direction, HST carriage number, rail structure, HST speed and the stacking number of HST records, on the seismic interferometry, we find that the seismic interferometry using HST traffic noise generates crosstalk that can be effectively attenuated by stacking the interferometric results of several HSTs with slightly different speeds. This finding has been validated by the seismic interferometry of both synthetic and field HST traffic noise. We further demonstrate that the retrieved surface waves can be used to estimate near-surface velocities.

中文翻译：

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高速列车交通特性对地震干涉测量的影响

总结 火车交通因其强大、经济和可重复的特性而被认为是地下成像和监测的强大噪声源。与传统列车相比，高速列车（HST）运行速度更快，产生的振动也表现为周期性信号，但更显着的特点是频谱中的等距谱线尖锐。与传统火车产生的振动一样，HST 引起的振动可以在使用地震干涉法检索站间脉冲响应后加以利用。然而，在地震干涉测量过程中，HST 引起的振动特性很少受到关注。本研究的目的是研究列车交通特性对地震干涉测量方法的影响。我们首先提出了地震干涉测量的另一种推导，它不是基于不同位置源之间不相关的假设。该推导适用于 3-D 中的标量波和弹性表面波。分析了HST行进方向、HST车厢数、轨道结构、HST速度和HST记录叠加数等HST相关因素对地震干涉测量的影响，发现利用HST交通噪声的地震干涉测量会产生串扰。可以通过叠加几个速度略有不同的 HST 的干涉测量结果来有效地衰减。这一发现已通过合成和现场 HST 交通噪声的地震干涉测量得到验证。