The state of Rajasthan is highly vulnerable to climatic extremes. The perception of local communities regarding climate change and their indigenous coping management strategies is important for decision-making and policy formation. In this paper, the perceptions of farmers and their coping strategies were studied using primary data collected from 180 farmers of Bikaner and Kota districts. The data were collected through personal interviews as well as focused group discussions. The findings indicated that the risk of droughts, rainfall anomalies and wind-storms increased over the decade. The people at drought-prone regions were more food insecure in comparison to flood-affected regions. However, their traditional wisdom and indigenous species like Khimp (Leptadenia pyrotechnica), Kair (Capparis decidua), Phog (Calligonum polygonoides), Khejri (Prosopis cineraria), etc. helped them in coping with climate extremes. Adjustments in the dates of sowing, deep summer ploughing in morning hours, dry sowing, increased seed rate, mixed cropping and farming; especially crop-livestock integration were common coping management strategies. Farmers perceived that with modernization of agriculture, biodiversity of the region is declining. The study suggests that local communities need to be incentivized for conserving these species. These indigenous products have high market value. Therefore, the value chains of these products need to be strengthened by providing processing equipment such as solar drier at subsidized rates.

中文翻译：

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农民对极端气候及其应对机制的看法：来自印度易受灾地区的证据

拉贾斯坦邦极易遭受极端气候的影响。当地社区对气候变化及其本地应对管理策略的认识对于决策和政策制定很重要。本文使用从Bikaner和Kota地区的180位农民收集的原始数据研究了农民的看法及其应对策略。数据是通过个人访谈以及小组讨论来收集的。调查结果表明，在过去的十年中，干旱，降雨异常和暴风雨的风险增加了。与受洪灾影响的地区相比，干旱多发地区的人们粮食缺乏保障。但是，他们的传统智慧和土著物种包括Khimp（Leptadenia pyrotechnica），Kair（Capparis decidua），Phog（Calligonum polyoidoides），Khejri（Prosopis cineraria）等帮助他们应对了极端气候。调整播种日期，早晨深耕夏季，播种干燥，增加种子播种率，混合种植和耕种；特别是农作物－畜牧业的融合是常见的应对管理策略。农民们认为，随着农业现代化，该地区的生物多样性正在下降。该研究表明，需要激励当地社区保护这些物种。这些本土产品具有很高的市场价值。因此，需要通过以补贴的价格提供诸如太阳能干燥机之类的加工设备来加强这些产品的价值链。混合种植和耕种；特别是农作物－畜牧业的融合是常见的应对管理策略。农民们认为，随着农业现代化，该地区的生物多样性正在下降。该研究表明，需要激励当地社区保护这些物种。这些本土产品具有很高的市场价值。因此，需要通过以补贴的价格提供诸如太阳能干燥器之类的加工设备来加强这些产品的价值链。混合种植和耕种；特别是农作物－畜牧业的融合是常见的应对管理策略。农民们认为，随着农业现代化，该地区的生物多样性正在下降。该研究表明，需要激励当地社区保护这些物种。这些本土产品具有很高的市场价值。因此，需要通过以补贴的价格提供诸如太阳能干燥机之类的加工设备来加强这些产品的价值链。