Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare laypeople’s and professional first responders’ ability to perform tourniquet application and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) during calm and stressful circumstances.

Background

Life-threatening bleeding is a major cause of death that could be prevented by fast and appropriate first aid interventions. Therefore, laypeople are now being trained in bleeding control skills, transforming them from bystanders to immediate responders. However, critics have questioned whether laypeople are able to perform during more stressful conditions.

Method

Twenty-four laypersons and 31 professional first responders were tested in two conditions: a calm classroom scenario and a stressful scenario consisting of paintball fire and physical exertion. Stress and workload were assessed along with task performance.

Results

The experimental manipulation was successful in terms of eliciting stress reactions. Tourniquet application performance did not decline in the stressful condition, but some aspects of CPR performance did for both groups. First responders experienced higher task engagement and lower distress, worry and workload than the laypeople in both the calm and stressful conditions.

Conclusion

Stress did not affect first responders and laypeople differently in terms of performance effects. Stress should therefore not be considered a major obstacle for teaching bleeding control skills to laypeople.

Application

Tourniquet application can be taught to laypeople in a short amount of time, and they can perform this skill during stress in controlled settings. Concerns about laypeople’s ability to perform under stress should not exclude bleeding control skills from first aid courses for civilian laypeople.

中文翻译：

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压力对外行和专业平民人群止血带应用和 CPR 性能的影响

客观的

本研究的目的是比较外行和专业急救人员在平静和压力大的情况下执行止血带应用和心肺复苏 (CPR) 的能力。

背景

危及生命的出血是主要的死亡原因，可以通过快速和适当的急救干预来预防。因此，现在正在对外行进行止血技能培训，将他们从旁观者转变为即时响应者。然而，批评者质疑外行人是否能够在压力更大的情况下进行表演。

方法

24 名外行和 31 名专业急救人员在两种情况下接受了测试：平静的课堂场景和由彩弹射击和体力消耗组成的压力场景。压力和工作量与任务绩效一起进行评估。

结果

实验操作在引发应激反应方面是成功的。压力条件下止血带应用性能没有下降，但 CPR 性能的某些方面对两组都有影响。在平静和压力条件下，与外行相比，急救人员的任务参与度更高，痛苦、担忧和工作量更低。

结论

就绩效影响而言，压力对急救人员和外行人的影响并没有不同。因此，不应将压力视为向外行教授出血控制技能的主要障碍。

应用

止血带的应用可以在短时间内教给外行，他们可以在受控环境中的压力下执行此技能。对非专业人士在压力下的表现能力的担忧不应将出血控制技能排除在面向非专业人士的急救课程之外。