We explore the effects of a massive water supply and sanitation expansion on child mortality, schooling, and child labor in Ecuador. We combine census data with project administrative information to identify treated dwellings. A matching differences-in-differences estimator is used to identify treatment effects. We find a child mortality reduction of about 8.1%, an increase in children formal schooling of 1.3%, and a reduction in child labor of 13.7%, all attributable to the intervention. We also find heterogeneous treatment effects suggesting that those in the poorest quartiles benefit the least from the intervention. However, even in the latter case, if a woman had at least primary education, the household may still enjoy benefits.

中文翻译：

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大规模管道水扩张对儿童相关结果的直接和间接影响

我们探讨了大规模供水和卫生设施扩张对厄瓜多尔儿童死亡率、学校教育和童工的影响。我们将人口普查数据与项目管理信息相结合，以确定经过处理的住宅。匹配的差异中差异估计器用于识别治疗效果。我们发现儿童死亡率降低了约 8.1%，儿童正规教育增加了 1.3%，童工减少了 13.7%，所有这些都归功于干预。我们还发现异质性治疗效果表明，最贫困四分位数的人从干预中获益最少。然而，即使在后一种情况下，如果妇女至少受过小学教育，家庭仍然可以享受福利。