Intermittent fasting (IF) is the practice of restricting food intake for 12–48 hours per fasting cycle over a prolonged period of time. Previous study shows beneficial health effects such as weight loss and lower risk for cardiometabolic diseases. Although reduced calorie intake may account for some of the observed benefits of IF, exact mechanisms are still unclear. Recent evidence indicates that IF may lead to remodeling and increased taxonomic diversity in the human gut microbiome. In particular, the Lachnospiraceae family of anaerobic bacteria increased during fasting. This family, in the order Clostridiales, promotes butryogenesis in the gut, a process that is associated with healthful metabolic and prolongevity effects. IF-associated alterations to the microbiome may play a key role in the metabolic and potential healthspan-enhancing benefits of IF and dietary restriction.

中文翻译：

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人类间歇性禁食期间有益肠道微生物组的重塑

间歇性禁食 (IF) 是在长时间内每个禁食周期限制食物摄入 12-48 小时的做法。先前的研究显示了有益的健康影响，例如减轻体重和降低患心脏代谢疾病的风险。尽管减少热量摄入可能是 IF 观察到的一些益处的原因，但确切机制仍不清楚。最近的证据表明，IF 可能导致人类肠道微生物组的重塑和分类多样性增加。特别是毛螺科厌氧菌家族在禁食期间增加。该家族以梭菌目 (Clostridiales) 为纲，促进肠道内的脂肪生成，这一过程与健康的代谢和延长寿命有关。IF 相关的微生物组改变可能在 IF 和饮食限制的代谢和潜在的健康跨度增强益处中发挥关键作用。