This study was carried out to analyze the effects of biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on physiological, biochemical, and enzymatic attributes of rice plants against Aspergillus flavus . The plant-based AgNPs were synthesized by using the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves. The characterization of AgNPs was accomplished through UV-visible spectrophotometry, SEM, and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, which confirmed that the nanoparticles are crystalline and are less than 100 nm in size. The exogenous applications of different concentrations of AgNPs (25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/L) on rice plants in field experiments were used to control the proliferation of A. flavus . The effects of biosynthesized AgNPs were evaluated for physiological (relative water content, membrane stability index, and chlorophyll content), nonenzymatic metabolites (total phenolic, total flavonoid, proline, soluble sugar, and protein contents), and enzymatic metabolites (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) in rice plants under biotic stress, and 50 mg/L concentration of AgNPs was found to be effective to elicit biochemical modifications to reduce biotic stress. The 50 mg/L concentration of AgNPs was also effective in controlling the proliferation of fungal pathogen. The applications of AgNPs reduced the biotic stress by decreasing the production level of osmolytes, enzymatic, and nonenzymatic compounds but significantly increased the protein content.

中文翻译：

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银纳米颗粒引发水稻植物的生理，生化和抗氧化剂修饰，从而控制黄曲霉

本研究旨在分析生物银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）对水稻抗黄曲霉菌的生理，生化和酶促特性的影响。通过使用辣木叶片的水提取物合成基于植物的AgNP。AgNPs的表征是通过紫外可见分光光度法，SEM和能量色散X射线（EDX）分析完成的，这证实了纳米颗粒是晶体且尺寸小于100 nm。在田间试验中，在稻田上外源施用不同浓度的AgNPs（25、50、75和100 mg / L）可控制黄曲霉的增殖。评价了生物合成的AgNPs的生理作用（相对水含量，膜稳定性指数和叶绿素含量），处于生物胁迫下的水稻植株中非酶代谢物（总酚，总黄酮，脯氨酸，可溶性糖和蛋白质含量）和酶代谢物（超氧化物歧化酶，过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶）的浓度为50 mg / L有效地引发生物化学修饰以减少生物应激。浓度为50 mg / L的AgNPs还可有效控制真菌病原体的增殖。AgNPs的应用通过降低渗透压，酶促和非酶促化合物的生产水平来降低生物胁迫，但显着增加了蛋白质含量。并发现浓度为50 mg / L的AgNPs可以有效地引发生物化学修饰以减少生物胁迫。浓度为50 mg / L的AgNPs还可有效控制真菌病原体的增殖。AgNPs的应用通过降低渗透压，酶促和非酶促化合物的生产水平来降低生物胁迫，但显着增加了蛋白质含量。并发现浓度为50 mg / L的AgNPs可以有效地引发生物化学修饰以减少生物胁迫。浓度为50 mg / L的AgNPs还可有效控制真菌病原体的增殖。AgNPs的应用通过降低渗透压，酶促和非酶促化合物的生产水平来降低生物胁迫，但显着增加了蛋白质含量。