Over the past century, rapid miniaturization of technologies has helped in the development of efficient, flexible, portable, robust, and compact applications with minimal wastage of materials. In this direction, of late, the usage of mesoscale liquid droplets has emerged as an alternative platform because of the following advantages: (i) a droplet is incompressible and at the same time deformable, (ii) interfacial area of a spherical droplet is minimum for a given amount of mass; and (iii) a droplet interface allows facile mass, momentum, and energy transfer. Subsequently, such attributes have aided towards the design of diverse droplet-based microfluidic technologies. For example, the microdroplets have been utilized as micro-reactors, colorimetric or electrochemical (EC) sensors, drug-delivery vehicles, and energy harvesters. Further, a number of recently reported lab-on-a-chip technologies exploit the motility, storage, and mixing capacities of the microdroplets. In view of this background, the review initiates discussion by highlighting the different attributes of the microdroplets such as size, shape, surface to volume ratio, wettability, and contact line. Thereafter, the effects of the surface or body forces on the properties of the droplets have been elaborated. Finally, the different aspects of such liquid droplet systems towards technological adaptations in health care, sensing, and energy harvesting have been presented. The review concludes with a tight summary on the potential avenues for further developments.

在过去的一个世纪里，技术的快速小型化帮助开发了高效、灵活、便携、坚固和紧凑的应用程序，同时最大限度地减少了材料浪费。在这个方向上，最近，由于以下优点，中尺度液滴的使用已成为替代平台：（i）液滴不可压缩，同时可变形，（ii）球形液滴的界面面积最小对于给定的质量；(iii) 液滴界面允许轻松的质量、动量和能量传递。随后，这些属性有助于设计各种基于液滴的微流体技术。例如，微滴已被用作微反应器、比色或电化学 (EC) 传感器、药物输送车辆和能量收集器。更远，最近报道的一些芯片实验室技术利用了微滴的运动、存储和混合能力。鉴于此背景，该评论通过突出微滴的不同属性（如大小、形状、表面积与体积比、润湿性和接触线）来启动讨论。此后，表面力或体力对液滴特性的影响已被详细阐述。最后，介绍了这种液滴系统在医疗保健、传感和能量收集技术适应方面的不同方面。审查结束时对进一步发展的潜在途径进行了简要总结。该评论通过突出微滴的不同属性（如大小、形状、表面积与体积比、润湿性和接触线）来启动讨论。此后，表面力或体力对液滴特性的影响已被详细阐述。最后，介绍了这种液滴系统在医疗保健、传感和能量收集技术适应方面的不同方面。审查结束时对进一步发展的潜在途径进行了简要总结。该评论通过突出微滴的不同属性（如大小、形状、表面积与体积比、润湿性和接触线）来启动讨论。此后，表面力或体力对液滴特性的影响已被详细阐述。最后，介绍了这种液滴系统在医疗保健、传感和能量收集技术适应方面的不同方面。审查结束时对进一步发展的潜在途径进行了简要总结。已经介绍了这种液滴系统在医疗保健、传感和能量收集方面的技术适应方面的不同方面。审查结束时对进一步发展的潜在途径进行了简要总结。已经介绍了这种液滴系统在医疗保健、传感和能量收集方面的技术适应方面的不同方面。审查结束时对进一步发展的潜在途径进行了简要总结。