Unknown/enigmatic functions of extracellular ASC,Immunology

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Unknown/enigmatic functions of extracellular ASC
Immunology ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-27 , DOI: 10.1111/imm.13375
Jean Gabriel de Souza _{1,

2,

3} , Nancy Starobinas _{1,

2} , Olga Celia Martinez Ibañez _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruit domain (ASC), encoded by PYCARD gene, is a 22 kDa small molecule, which aggregates into ASC specks during inflammasome activation. ASC protein is an adaptor protein present in several inflammasome complexes that performs several intra- and extracellular functions, in monomeric form or as ASC specks, during physiological and pathological processes related to inflammation and adaptive immunity. Extracellular ASC specks (eASC specks) released during cell death by pyroptosis can contribute as a danger signal to the propagation of inflammation via phagocytosis and activation of surrounding cells. ASC specks are found in the circulation of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases and have been considered as relevant blood biomarkers of inflammation. eASC amplifies the inflammatory signal, may induce the production of autoantibodies, transports molecules that bind to this complex, contributing to the generation of antibodies, and can induce the maturation of cytokines promoting the modelling of the adaptive immunity. Although several advances have been registered in the last 21 years, there are numerous unknown or enigmatic gaps in the understanding of the role of eASC specks in the organism. Here, we provide an overview about the ASC protein focusing on the probable roles of eASC specks in several diseases, up to the most recent studies concerning COVID-19.

中文翻译：

细胞外 ASC 的未知/神秘功能

包含由 PYCARD 基因编码的半胱天冬酶募集结构域 (ASC) 的凋亡相关斑点样蛋白是一种 22 kDa 的小分子，在炎症小体激活过程中聚集成 ASC 斑点。ASC 蛋白是一种衔接蛋白，存在于几种炎症小体复合物中，在与炎症和适应性免疫相关的生理和病理过程中，以单体形式或作为 ASC 斑点发挥多种细胞内和细胞外功能。在细胞焦亡引起的细胞死亡过程中释放的细胞外 ASC 斑点（eASC 斑点）可作为危险信号通过吞噬作用和周围细胞的活化传播炎症。ASC 斑点存在于慢性炎症性疾病患者的循环中，被认为是炎症的相关血液生物标志物。eASC 放大炎症信号，可能诱导自身抗体的产生，运输与该复合物结合的分子，促进抗体的产生，并诱导细胞因子的成熟，从而促进适应性免疫的建模。尽管在过去 21 年中取得了一些进展，但在理解 eASC 斑点在生物体中的作用方面存在许多未知或神秘的空白。在这里，我们提供了关于 ASC 蛋白的概述，重点关注 eASC 斑点在几种疾病中的可能作用，直至最近关于 COVID-19 的研究。尽管在过去 21 年中取得了一些进展，但在理解 eASC 斑点在生物体中的作用方面存在许多未知或神秘的空白。在这里，我们提供了关于 ASC 蛋白的概述，重点关注 eASC 斑点在几种疾病中的可能作用，直至最近关于 COVID-19 的研究。尽管在过去 21 年中取得了一些进展，但在理解 eASC 斑点在生物体中的作用方面存在许多未知或神秘的空白。在这里，我们提供了关于 ASC 蛋白的概述，重点关注 eASC 斑点在几种疾病中的可能作用，直至最近关于 COVID-19 的研究。

更新日期：2021-07-12

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