ABSTRACT: Fungi are essential in aquatic ecosystems, transforming organic matter into energy sources that support higher trophic levels. However, researchers do not yet know the extent of fungal diversity and species distribution within these important ecosystems. Therefore, we examined the detrital fungal communities from contrasting aquatic habitats (temperate peatlands and streams) to provide an in-depth inventory and greater understanding of how these communities differ. Fine submerged detritus or substrate on or beneath the stream bed were collected from 6 sites. Fungal cultures were isolated from samples collected in May, July/August, and November from 2 sites in 2014 and 4 sites in 2016. Culture-independent analyses were conducted on 42 environmental samples collected in November 2016. Results indicated that peatland and stream fungal communities were taxonomically diverse, phylogenetically distinct, and harbored many unknown taxa from the kingdom Fungi. Specifically, stream habitats were more species-rich, in both number of species and phylogenetic diversity, compared to peatland habitats. In addition, fungal species and phylogenetic distribution within most major fungal classes were distinct between peatland and stream fungal communities. In light of global climate change, habitat loss, and water pollution, it has become increasingly important to examine these understudied and essential fungal communities within these ecosystems.

中文翻译：

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温带泥炭地和河流生境的淹没细碎屑的真菌群落

摘要：真菌在水生生态系统中是必不可少的，它将有机物转化为支持较高营养水平的能源。但是，研究人员尚未了解这些重要生态系统中真菌多样性和物种分布的程度。因此，我们从对比的水生生境（温带泥炭地和溪流）中检查了碎屑真菌群落，以提供深入的清单并加深对这些群落之间差异的理解。从6个位置收集了流化床上方或下方的细微淹没碎屑或底物。从2014年的2个地点和2016年的4个地点的5月，7月/ 8月和11月收集的样本中分离出真菌培养物。对2016年11月收集的42个环境样本进行了与培养物无关的分析。结果表明，泥炭地和溪流真菌群落在分类学上是不同的，在系统发育上是不同的，并且具有来自真菌界的许多未知的分类群。具体而言，与泥炭地生境相比，溪流生境在物种数量和系统发育多样性方面都更加丰富。此外，在泥炭地和溪流真菌群落之间，大多数主要真菌种类内的真菌种类和系统发育分布是不同的。鉴于全球气候变化，栖息地丧失和水污染，研究这些生态系统中这些未被充分研究的和必不可少的真菌群落变得越来越重要。与泥炭地生境相比，在物种数量和系统发育多样性方面都更胜一筹。此外，在泥炭地和溪流真菌群落之间，大多数主要真菌种类内的真菌种类和系统发育分布是不同的。鉴于全球气候变化，栖息地丧失和水污染，研究这些生态系统中这些未被充分研究的和必不可少的真菌群落变得越来越重要。与泥炭地生境相比，在物种数量和系统发育多样性方面都更胜一筹。此外，在泥炭地和溪流真菌群落之间，大多数主要真菌种类内的真菌种类和系统发育分布是不同的。鉴于全球气候变化，栖息地丧失和水污染，研究这些生态系统中这些未被充分研究的和必不可少的真菌群落变得越来越重要。