The paper considers the formation of electric fields in the atmosphere at altitudes of 50–70 km after especially powerful tropospheric cloud-to-ground discharges, leading to the initiation of high-altitude discharges. It is known that a necessary condition for initiation of a nighttime sprite is the electric field of uncompensated charge in a cloud of more than 128 Td at an altitude of about 75–80 km, while the field 80–100 Td leads to the development of a halo. High conductivity in daytime conditions does not allow the electric field to penetrate to altitudes of 75–80 km, and the region of a possible initiation of high-altitude discharges shifts lower. The normalized field required for the discharge initiation is the same as for nighttime conditions. Thus, for the initiation of the atmospheric discharge at daytime several times more intense lightning discharge in the troposphere is needed. Perturbations of the concentrations of ions, neutral compounds, excited atoms and molecules along with disturbances of the atmospheric conductivity and electric field are studied. The uncompensated charge of a parent flash is typically characterized by the impulse charge moment (ICM) of several hundred C$\cdot$km for nighttime discharges. Modeling of daytime conditions was carried out in the range of 2000–4000 C$\cdot$km, which leads to the formation at an altitude of 50–70 km of a normalized electric field of a near-breakdown value. It is shown that there are two scenarios of development of the discharge, with and without a rapid increase in electron concentration, which are studied in detail by assuming ICM values of 3750 C$\cdot$km and 2750 C$\cdot$km respectively. During a discharge with an ICM of 2750 C$\cdot$km, the decrease in the concentration of electrons in the electric field is caused by their attachment to molecular oxygen, and no sharp increase in electron concentration occurs; the concentrations of the most significant ions and electrons reach unperturbed values in less than a second. The normalized electric field reaches a maximum value of 100 Td, and this scenario corresponds to the development of a halo. For an ICM of 3750 C$\cdot$km, an initial decrease in the electron concentration is followed by the formation of an avalanche of electrons characterized by an increase in their concentration by more than an order of magnitude relative to the initial value. The maximum normalized electric field reaches 128 Td, this scenario corresponds to the development of a sprite. Thus, the possibility of the initiation of high-altitude discharges (presumably sprites and halos) in daytime conditions at altitudes of 50–70 km after especially powerful lightning discharges in the troposphere is shown, the dynamics of the disturbance of the chemical balance and atmospheric conductivity is studied.

该论文考虑了在特别强大的对流层云对地放电之后，大气中 50-70 公里高度的电场形成，导致高空放电的开始。众所周知，夜间精灵启动的必要条件是在海拔约 75-80 公里的云中存在超过 128 Td 的未补偿电荷电场，而 80-100 Td 的电场导致一个光环。白天条件下的高电导率不允许电场穿透到 75-80 公里的高度，并且可能引发高空放电的区域移动得更低。放电启动所需的归一化场与夜间条件相同。因此，为了在白天开始大气放电，需要在对流层中进行数倍的更强烈的闪电放电。研究了离子、中性化合物、受激原子和分子浓度的扰动以及大气电导率和电场的扰动。母闪的未补偿电荷通常以数百 C 的脉冲电荷矩 (ICM) 为特征$\cdot$公里为夜间放电。在 2000-4000 C 的范围内对白天条件进行建模$\cdot$公里，这导致在 50-70 公里的高度形成接近击穿值的归一化电场。结果表明，放电发展有两种情况，电子浓度快速增加和不增加，通过假设 3750 C 的 ICM 值对其进行了详细研究$\cdot$公里和 2750 摄氏度$\cdot$公里分别。在 ICM 为 2750 C 的放电期间$\cdot$km，电场中电子浓度的降低是由于它们附着在分子氧上引起的，并没有出现电子浓度的急剧增加；最重要的离子和电子的浓度会在不到一秒的时间内达到不受干扰的值。归一化电场达到最大值 100 Td，该场景对应于光晕的发展。对于 3750 C 的 ICM$\cdot$km，电子浓度的初始降低之后是电子雪崩的形成，其特征在于它们的浓度相对于初始值增加了一个数量级以上。最大归一化电场达到 128 Td，这个场景对应于精灵的发展。因此，显示了在对流层中特别强大的闪电放电之后，在 50-70 公里高度的白天条件下引发高空放电（可能是精灵和光晕）的可能性，化学平衡和大气扰动的动力学电导率进行了研究。