Cobia, Rachycentron canadum, is an important species for aquaculture worldwide. Production technology from egg to market was established in the early 1990s and continues to be perfected to this day. This species exhibits extraordinary scope for growth and can reach between 4 and 8 kg in 1 year, with females growing almost twice as fast and large as males. Despite continuous progress in maturation, spawning, larval rearing, fingerling production, nutrition, health management, genetics, and growout technology, overall cobia aquaculture production worldwide has been slow in the last decade. One of the biggest challenges remains the development of practical commercial feeds that are ecologically and economically efficient for this species. Feed conversion ratios are still very high, ranging from 2.0 to 3.0:1. In addition to nutritional challenges, diseases such as Photobacterium, Amyloodinium ocellatus, and Brooklynella hostilis continue to impact cobia aquaculture production worldwide. Genetics and breeding programs for cobia are still at their infancy. We report on current status of cobia breeding efforts as well as on advances on developing female monosex populations to exploit the sexually dimorphic growth in this species. Nutrition, health, and genetics will be the greatest drivers to improve overall performance and increases in production of the cobia aquaculture industry.

中文翻译：

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军曹鱼、Rachycentron canadum、水产养殖综述

军曹鱼，Rachycentron canadum，是世界范围内水产养殖的重要物种。从鸡蛋到市场的生产技术建立于 1990 年代初期，并持续完善至今。该物种具有非凡的生长空间，1 年内可达到 4 至 8 公斤，雌性的生长速度和体型几乎是雄性的两倍。尽管在成熟、产卵、幼体培育、鱼种生产、营养、健康管理、遗传学和养成技术方面不断取得进展，但过去十年全球军曹鱼水产养殖的总体生产一直缓慢。最大的挑战之一仍然是开发对该物种具有生态和经济效率的实用商业饲料。饲料转化率仍然很高，范围从 2.0 到 3.0:1。除了营养挑战外，疾病如光杆菌、Amyloodinium ocellatus和Brooklynella hostilis继续影响全球军曹鱼养殖生产。军曹鱼的遗传学和育种计划仍处于起步阶段。我们报告军曹鱼育种工作的现状以及发展雌性单性种群以利用该物种的两性生长的进展。营养、健康和遗传将成为提高军曹鱼养殖业整体绩效和产量增长的最大驱动力。